سنن نسائي
Nasai
كتاب المزارعةThe Book of Agriculture
بَابُ : 3 - باب ذِكْرِ اخْتِلاَفِ الأَلْفَاظِ الْمَأْثُورَةِ فِي الْمُزَارَعَةِChapter: Mentioning The Different Wordings With Regard To Sharecropping
Hadith 3960
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ ، قَالَ : أَنْبَأَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ ، قَالَ : كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ , يَقُولُ : " الْأَرْضُ عِنْدِي مِثْلُ مَالِ الْمُضَارَبَةِ فَمَا صَلُحَ فِي مَالِ الْمُضَارَبَةِ صَلُحَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ، وَمَا لَمْ يَصْلُحْ فِي مَالِ الْمُضَارَبَةِ لَمْ يَصْلُحْ فِي الْأَرْضِ " ، قَالَ : وَكَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَدْفَعَ أَرْضَهُ إِلَى الْأَكَّارِ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلَ فِيهَا بِنَفْسِهِ , وَوَلَدِهِ , وَأَعْوَانِهِ , وَبَقَرِهِ , وَلَا يُنْفِقَ شَيْئًا ، وَتَكُونَ النَّفَقَةُ كُلُّهَا مِنْ رَبِّ الْأَرْضِ .
´Ibn 'Awn said:` "Muhammad used to say: 'In my view land is like the wealth put into a Mudarabah (limited partnership) contract. Whatever is valid with regard to the wealth put into a Mudarabah partnership, is valid with regard to land, and whatever is not valid with regard to the wealth put into a Mudarabah partnership, then it is not valid with regard to land.'" He said: "He did not see anything wrong with giving all of his land to the plowman on the basis that he would work with it himself, or with his children, and helpers, and oxen, and, that he would not spend anything on it; all expenses were to be paid by the owner of the land."
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
The analogy made by Ibn Sirin rahimahullah between muzara‘ah (sharecropping) and mudarabah (profit-sharing partnership) is absolutely correct. There is no difference between the two. In mudarabah, one person hands over money to another so that he may trade with it, and after a specified period, the profit will be divided according to a certain ratio. In muzara‘ah, one person entrusts his land to another so that he may cultivate it, and the produce will be divided according to a certain ratio. The original capital and the land are returned to their respective owners. There is not the slightest difference between the two; however, the statement of Ibn Sirin rahimahullah that "the sharecropper should only work, and all expenses should be borne by the landowner" is not necessary, because such a condition is not explicitly mentioned from the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. Therefore, whatever the two parties agree upon should be permissible, provided that no one is wronged. (See the previous hadith)
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 3960
