سنن نسائي
Nasai
كتاب الهبةThe Book of Gifts
بَابُ : هِبَةِ الْمَشَاعِChapter: A Gift Given To Everyone
Hadith 3718
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ يَزِيدَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاق ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، قَالَ : كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذْ أَتَتْهُ وَفْدُ هَوَازِنَ ، فَقَالُوا : يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّا أَصْلٌ وَعيرَةٌ وَقَدْ نَزَلَ بِنَا مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ مَا لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْكَ فَامْنُنْ عَلَيْنَا مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ ، فَقَالَ : " اخْتَارُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِكُمْ أَوْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ وَأَبْنَائِكُمْ ، فَقَالُوا : قَدْ خَيَّرْتَنَا بَيْنَ أَحْسَابِنَا وَأَمْوَالِنَا بَلْ نَخْتَارُ نِسَاءَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَنَا ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لِي وَلِبَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ , فَإِذَا صَلَّيْتُ الظُّهْرَ ، فَقُومُوا فَقُولُوا إِنَّا نَسْتَعِينُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَوِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي نِسَائِنَا وَأَبْنَائِنَا فَلَمَّا صَلَّوْا الظُّهْرَ قَامُوا فَقَالُوا ذَلِكَ , فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَمَا كَانَ لِي وَلِبَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ " ، فَقَالَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ : وَمَا كَانَ لَنَا فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَقَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ : مَا كَانَ لَنَا فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ الْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ : أَمَّا أَنَا وَبَنُو تَمِيمٍ فَلَا ، وَقَالَ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ : أَمَّا أَنَا وَبَنُو فَزَارَةَ فَلَا ، وَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مِرْدَاسٍ : أَمَّا أَنَا وَبَنُو سُلَيْمٍ فَلَا ، فَقَامَتْ بَنُو سُلَيْمٍ فَقَالُوا : كَذَبْتَ مَا كَانَ لَنَا فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ رُدُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَبْنَاءَهُمْ فَمَنْ تَمَسَّكَ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ فَلَهُ سِتُّ فَرَائِضَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ شَيْءٍ يُفِيئُهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْنَا " , وَرَكِبَ رَاحِلَتَهُ وَرَكِبَ النَّاسُ اقْسِمْ عَلَيْنَا فَيْئَنَا فَأَلْجَئُوهُ إِلَى شَجَرَةٍ فَخَطِفَتْ رِدَاءَهُ ، فَقَالَ : " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ رُدُّوا عَلَيَّ رِدَائِي فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ لَكُمْ شَجَرَ تِهَامَةَ نَعَمًا قَسَمْتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ، ثُمَّ لَمْ تَلْقَوْنِي بَخِيلًا وَلَا جَبَانًا وَلَا كَذُوبًا ، ثُمَّ أَتَى بَعِيرًا فَأَخَذَ مِنْ سَنَامِهِ وَبَرَةً بَيْنَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ : هَا إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِي مِنَ الْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ وَلَا هَذِهِ إِلَّا خُمُسٌ وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ فِيكُمْ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ بِكُبَّةٍ مِنْ شَعْرٍ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخَذْتُ هَذِهِ لِأُصْلِحَ بِهَا بَرْدَعَةَ بَعِيرٍ لِي ، فَقَالَ : " أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لِي وَلِبَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَهُوَ لَكَ " فَقَالَ : أَوَبَلَغَتْ هَذِهِ فَلَا أَرَبَ لِي فِيهَا فَنَبَذَهَا ، وَقَالَ : " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَدُّوا الْخِيَاطَ وَالْمَخِيطَ فَإِنَّ الْغُلُولَ يَكُونُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ عَارًا وَشَنَارًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ " .
´It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, that his grandfather said:` "We were with the Messenger of Allah when the delegation of Hawazin came to him and said: 'O Muhammad! We are one of the 'Arab tribes and a calamity has befallen us of which you are well aware. Do us a favor, may Allah bless you.' He said: 'Choose between your wealth or your women and children.' They said: 'You have given us a choice between our families and our wealth; we choose our women and children.' The Messenger of Allah said: 'As for that which was allocated to myself and to Banu 'Abdul-Muttalib, it is yours. When I have prayed Zuhr, stand up and say: "We seek the help of the Messenger of Allah in dealing with the believers, or the Muslims, with regard to our women and children."' So when they prayed Zuhr, they stood up and said that. The Messenger of Allah said: 'As for that which was allocated to myself and to Banu 'Abdul-Muttalib, it is yours.' The Muhajirun said: 'That which was allocated to us is for the Messenger of Allah.' The Ansar said: 'That which was allocated to us is for the Messenger of Allah.' Al-Aqra' bin Habis said: 'As for myself and Banu Tamim, then no (we will not give it up).' 'Uyaynah bin Hisn said: 'As for myself and Banu Fazarah, then no (we will not give it up).' Al-'Abbas bin Mirdas said: 'As for myself and Banu Sulaim, then no (we will not give it up).' Banu Sulaim stood up and said: 'You lied; whatever was allocated to us, it is for the Messenger of Allah.' The Messenger of Allah said: 'O people, give their women and children back to them. Whoever gives back anything of these spoils of war, he will have six camels from the spoils of war that Allah grants us next.' Then he mounted his riding-animal and the people surrounded him, saying: 'Distribute our spoils of war among us.' They made him go back toward a tree on which his Rida' (upper-wrap) got caught. He said: 'O people! Give me back my Rida'. By Allah! If there were cattle as many in number as the trees of Tihamah I would distribute them among you, then you would not find me a miser, a coward or a liar.' Then he went to a camel and took a hair from its hump between two of his fingers and said: 'Look! I do not have any of the spoils of war. All I have is the Khums, and the Khums will be given back to you.' A man stood up holding a ball of yarn made from goat hair and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I took this to fix my camel-saddle.' He said: 'What was allocated to myself and to Banu 'Abdul-Muttalib is for you.' He said: 'Is this so important? I don't need it!' And he threw it down. He said: 'O people! Give back even needles large and small, for Al-Ghulul will be (a source of) shame and disgrace for those who took it on the Day of Resurrection.'"
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
(1) "A calamity befell"—this refers to the Battle of Hunayn. After the conquest of Makkah, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) received news that the Banu Hawazin and others were gathering to confront the Muslims. He decided to face them. When the battle took place, the Hawazin and others were defeated, and their women, children, camels, goats—in short, everything—fell into the hands of the Muslims. The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) refrained from distributing these spoils for fourteen days, so that if this tribe came and accepted Islam, their families and wealth could be returned to them. But out of fear, they did not come. Eventually, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) distributed their wealth and families. After the distribution, people came in delegations, declared their Islam, and also requested the return of their families and wealth that had been distributed. The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: "I waited for you for a long time. If you had come earlier, everything would have been returned to you. But now the distribution has taken place. It will be difficult to take everything back, so choose one thing from your families and wealth."
(2) Aqra' ibn Habis had not yet become a permanent companion, nor had he had the opportunity to benefit from the training of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), which is why he used such words. Otherwise, the Companions themselves could not even conceive of such an attitude.
(3) "You will get six camels each"—the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) meant that he had already decided to return their women and children, so all of them would have to be returned. However, whoever wished to retain his share, he would be given six camels from the next spoils of war in exchange for that share. Now, those women and children would be returned to their people.
(4) "The people surrounded him"—these were probably not people included in the Islamic army, because they had already received their share. Rather, these were likely Bedouins from the surrounding areas who, upon hearing news of the spoils, rushed over and began making demands without reason, even though the spoils had already been distributed. Despite this, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) demonstrated patience and forbearance and did not hold them accountable for their disrespect.
(5) "You would have received it"—because the khums (one-fifth) would be collected in the Bayt al-Mal (public treasury). The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would take from it according to his needs, and the remainder would be spent on the interests of the Muslims.
(6) "Myself and the family of Abdul Muttalib would take from it"—and the rest. This indicates that the share of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and the family of Abdul Muttalib was not separate, but rather included within the total, and that is what he gave as a gift or forgave. Therefore, it is permissible to gift a jointly owned item.
(7) If the Imam, for the benefit of the Muslims, shows kindness to the captives and sets them free, there is no harm in this.
(2) Aqra' ibn Habis had not yet become a permanent companion, nor had he had the opportunity to benefit from the training of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), which is why he used such words. Otherwise, the Companions themselves could not even conceive of such an attitude.
(3) "You will get six camels each"—the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) meant that he had already decided to return their women and children, so all of them would have to be returned. However, whoever wished to retain his share, he would be given six camels from the next spoils of war in exchange for that share. Now, those women and children would be returned to their people.
(4) "The people surrounded him"—these were probably not people included in the Islamic army, because they had already received their share. Rather, these were likely Bedouins from the surrounding areas who, upon hearing news of the spoils, rushed over and began making demands without reason, even though the spoils had already been distributed. Despite this, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) demonstrated patience and forbearance and did not hold them accountable for their disrespect.
(5) "You would have received it"—because the khums (one-fifth) would be collected in the Bayt al-Mal (public treasury). The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would take from it according to his needs, and the remainder would be spent on the interests of the Muslims.
(6) "Myself and the family of Abdul Muttalib would take from it"—and the rest. This indicates that the share of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and the family of Abdul Muttalib was not separate, but rather included within the total, and that is what he gave as a gift or forgave. Therefore, it is permissible to gift a jointly owned item.
(7) If the Imam, for the benefit of the Muslims, shows kindness to the captives and sets them free, there is no harm in this.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 3718
