سنن نسائي
Nasai
كتاب النكاحThe Book of Marriage
بَابُ : إِبَاحَةِ التَّزَوُّجِ بِغَيْرِ صَدَاقٍChapter: Permission To Get Married Without A Dowry
Hadith 3356
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ بْنِ قُدَامَةَ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ ، وَالْأَسْوَدِ , قَالَا : أُتِيَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا ، فَتُوُفِّيَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ : سَلُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ فِيهَا أَثَرًا , قَالُوا : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ : مَا نَجِدُ فِيهَا ، يَعْنِي أَثَرًا ، قَالَ : أَقُولُ بِرَأْيِي , فَإِنْ كَانَ صَوَابًا ، فَمِنَ اللَّهِ : لَهَا كَمَهْرِ نِسَائِهَا لَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ وَلَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ ، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مَنْ أَشْجَعَ ، فَقَالَ : فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِينَا فِي امْرَأَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا بَرْوَعُ بِنْتُ وَاشِقٍ تَزَوَّجَتْ رَجُلًا ، فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا ، " فَقَضَى لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِثْلِ صَدَاقِ نِسَائِهَا وَلَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ " ، فَرَفَعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَدَيْهِ ، وَكَبَّرَ ، قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد الرَّحْمَنِ : لَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا قَالَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الْأَسْوَدُ غَيْرَ زَائِدَةَ .
´It was narrated that 'Alqamah and Al-Aswad said:` "A man was brought to 'Abdullah who had married a woman without naming a dowry for her, then he died before consummating the marriage with her. 'Abdullah said: 'Ask whether they can find any report about that.' They said: 'O Abu 'Abdur-Rahman, we cannot find any report about that.' He said: 'I will say what I think, and if it is correct then it is from Allah. She should have a dowry like that of her peers and no less, with no injustice, and she may inherit from him, and she has to observe the 'Iddah.' A man from Ashja' stood up and said: "The Messenger of Allah passed a similar judgment among us concerning a woman called Birwa' bint Washiq. She married a man who died before consummating the marriage with her, and the Messenger of Allah ruled that she should be given a dowry like that of her peers, and she could inherit, and she had to observe the 'Iddah.' 'Abdullah raised his hands and said the Takbir."
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
Urdu Hashiyah (Commentary):
By examining the chains of transmission (asanid) of the forthcoming narrations, it becomes clear by itself that, besides Zaidah, the remaining narrators mention only Alqamah.
Benefits and Issues:
➊ A marriage (nikah) can take place without specifying a dower (mahr), but the negation of the dower itself should not occur. If the dower is negated, the marriage will be invalid. If the dower is not negated but also not specified, then whatever is mutually agreed upon later will be the dower. If there is no agreement, then the dower will be determined by considering the woman's personal and familial status—for example, the general dower of her sisters, paternal aunts, or other women similar to her. This is called mahr mithl (dower of like).
➋ The basis of the fatwa of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (radi Allahu anhu) is that the marriage is valid even if the dower has not been specified, and she is his legal wife even if consummation (jima‘) has not occurred; therefore, all rights and obligations will apply to her. After the decision of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) became known, the correctness of this fatwa became certain. Radi Allahu anhu wa ardahu.
➌ If a legal text (shar‘i nass) exists regarding an issue, then there is no room for analogy (qiyas) or independent reasoning (ijtihad); rather, action must be taken upon that text.
➍ Observe the scrupulousness (wara‘) and piety (taqwa) of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (radi Allahu anhu): he deliberated for a month before issuing a fatwa, as will be mentioned in the forthcoming narration. This is befitting for a scholar—that he should not hasten in giving a fatwa, but rather reflect upon the texts and then form an opinion.
➎ If a scholar of religion does not know about an issue, instead of issuing a fatwa immediately, he should obtain complete details about it from other reliable scholars, and then form an opinion.
By examining the chains of transmission (asanid) of the forthcoming narrations, it becomes clear by itself that, besides Zaidah, the remaining narrators mention only Alqamah.
Benefits and Issues:
➊ A marriage (nikah) can take place without specifying a dower (mahr), but the negation of the dower itself should not occur. If the dower is negated, the marriage will be invalid. If the dower is not negated but also not specified, then whatever is mutually agreed upon later will be the dower. If there is no agreement, then the dower will be determined by considering the woman's personal and familial status—for example, the general dower of her sisters, paternal aunts, or other women similar to her. This is called mahr mithl (dower of like).
➋ The basis of the fatwa of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (radi Allahu anhu) is that the marriage is valid even if the dower has not been specified, and she is his legal wife even if consummation (jima‘) has not occurred; therefore, all rights and obligations will apply to her. After the decision of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) became known, the correctness of this fatwa became certain. Radi Allahu anhu wa ardahu.
➌ If a legal text (shar‘i nass) exists regarding an issue, then there is no room for analogy (qiyas) or independent reasoning (ijtihad); rather, action must be taken upon that text.
➍ Observe the scrupulousness (wara‘) and piety (taqwa) of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (radi Allahu anhu): he deliberated for a month before issuing a fatwa, as will be mentioned in the forthcoming narration. This is befitting for a scholar—that he should not hasten in giving a fatwa, but rather reflect upon the texts and then form an opinion.
➎ If a scholar of religion does not know about an issue, instead of issuing a fatwa immediately, he should obtain complete details about it from other reliable scholars, and then form an opinion.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 3356
