Hadith 2454
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ ، عَنْ مُعَاذٍ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ ، " أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ تَبِيعًا أَوْ تَبِيعَةً ، وَمِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ مُسِنَّةً ، َمِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا أَوْ عِدْلَهُ مَعَافِرَ " .
´It was narrated that Mu'adh said:` That when the Messenger of Allah sent him to Yemen, he commanded him to take from every thirty, cattle a male or female Tabi'(two-year-old), and from every forty, a Musinnah (three-year-old), and from every person who had reached the age of puberty a Dinar or is equivalent in Ma'afir. (Da 'if)
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
English Commentary:
1:
Mu‘aafir:
This is the name of a tribe from Hamdan; the narration is attributed to it.
2:
In this hadith, the detailed nisab (prescribed amount) for cattle is mentioned,
and along with it, there is also the command to collect jizyah from non-Muslims.
3:
Mu‘aafir is not mentioned in this,
its narration has been recorded by Ibn Abi Shaybah.
4:
That is, this mursal narration is more authentic than the above marfu‘ narration because Masruq did not meet Mu‘adh ibn Jabal radi Allahu anhu,
Tirmidhi has declared it hasan due to its supporting narrations.
1:
Mu‘aafir:
This is the name of a tribe from Hamdan; the narration is attributed to it.
2:
In this hadith, the detailed nisab (prescribed amount) for cattle is mentioned,
and along with it, there is also the command to collect jizyah from non-Muslims.
3:
Mu‘aafir is not mentioned in this,
its narration has been recorded by Ibn Abi Shaybah.
4:
That is, this mursal narration is more authentic than the above marfu‘ narration because Masruq did not meet Mu‘adh ibn Jabal radi Allahu anhu,
Tirmidhi has declared it hasan due to its supporting narrations.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 623
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
1576. Commentary:
➊ Zakat is obligatory upon Muslims and is taken from them, whereas jizyah is taken from non-Muslims. This is the meaning and intent of the hadith.
➋ In the zakat of camels, the ruling is that a female animal should be taken. Only in the case of cattle is there a concession to take either male or female. The reason is that a male camel only provides benefit in terms of meat and riding, whereas a female provides, in addition to these two benefits, milk and offspring as well—benefits not found in a bull. Therefore, in terms of benefit, both (male and female cattle) have been considered equal.
➊ Zakat is obligatory upon Muslims and is taken from them, whereas jizyah is taken from non-Muslims. This is the meaning and intent of the hadith.
➋ In the zakat of camels, the ruling is that a female animal should be taken. Only in the case of cattle is there a concession to take either male or female. The reason is that a male camel only provides benefit in terms of meat and riding, whereas a female provides, in addition to these two benefits, milk and offspring as well—benefits not found in a bull. Therefore, in terms of benefit, both (male and female cattle) have been considered equal.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 1576
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Lexical Explanation:
«مِنْ كُلِّ ثلَاَ ثِينَ بَقَرةً» This threshold (nisab) is agreed upon; there is no difference of opinion regarding it. Nothing is obligatory on less than thirty, except according to the opinion of Imam Zuhri, who holds that for every five cows, one goat is due. He has analogized this issue to the threshold for camels, but it is established that the determination of the threshold (nisab) is not proven by analogy.
«بقرة» is a generic noun, and the “taa” in it is a sign of singularity, not femininity. It is used equally for both masculine and feminine.
«تَبِيعاً اَوْ تَبِيعَةً» «تبيع» refers to one who has completed one year of age and has entered the second year. And «اَوْ» is for giving a choice, meaning the official collector has the option to take either a female or a male.
«مُسِنَّةٌ» refers to the animal whose two teeth have come out, i.e., one who has completed two years and has entered the third year.
«وَمِنْ كُلَّ حَالِم» refers to every adult who has reached the age of maturity, whether he has experienced a wet dream or not.
«دِينَارًا» One dinar will be collected as jizyah from non-Muslim men.
«اَوْعَدُلَهُ» If the ‘ayn’ has a fatha and the ‘dal’ is sakin, it refers to something that is equal in value to another thing. And if the ‘ayn’ has a kasrah underneath, then it refers to something that is equal in form and appearance to another thing. And according to one opinion, whether the ‘ayn’ has a fatha or a kasrah, there is no difference; both mean “equal.”
«مَعَافِرِياً» These are the sheets that are made in Yemen and attributed to Ma‘afir. Ma‘afir, pronounced like masajid, is a tribe of Hamdan; the Ma‘afiri cloth is attributed to them.
Benefits and Issues:
➊ The aforementioned narration has been declared weak in chain by our esteemed researcher, while some other scholars have considered it hasan (good) and some sahih (authentic), and they have also mentioned its supporting evidences. This shows that, despite being weak in chain, the narration is acceptable as evidence due to other supporting reports. For the chain analysis of this hadith and details of the issue, see: [الموسوعة الحديثية مسند الامام احمد : 341 ، 339 ، 360 ، 23 ، 7 وارواء الغليل : 268/3 ۔ 271 رقم : 795 ، والسنن ابن ماجه بتحقيق الدكثور بشار عواد ، حديث : 1804 ، 1803]
➋ Zakat is not obligatory on less than thirty cows or oxen.
➌ To calculate the zakat of cows and oxen, one should see how many groups of thirty or forty there are, and then, accordingly, take calves of one or two years; that is, for thirty, a one-year-old animal is due, and for forty, a two-year-old animal is due. After that, for sixty, two one-year-old animals, and for seventy, two-year-old calves will be given and collected as zakat.
➍ The buffalo is not an animal native to Arabia, so it is not mentioned in the hadith, but in terms of benefit, value, and resemblance in form and appearance, it is similar to the cow. Therefore, caution demands that it be considered under the same ruling as the cow. Imam Ibn Mundhir has written consensus (ijma‘) on this, that buffaloes are also under the ruling of cows. See: [فتاوي ابن تيميه : 34 ، 25]
Therefore, if cows and buffaloes together complete the threshold (nisab), zakat should be given.
➎ The animal given in zakat should be from the type that is more numerous in the herd. For example, if there are twenty cows and ten buffaloes, then a one-year-old heifer should be given as zakat; and if there are ten cows and twenty buffaloes, then a one-year-old bull calf or heifer should be given. «والله اعلم»
«مِنْ كُلِّ ثلَاَ ثِينَ بَقَرةً» This threshold (nisab) is agreed upon; there is no difference of opinion regarding it. Nothing is obligatory on less than thirty, except according to the opinion of Imam Zuhri, who holds that for every five cows, one goat is due. He has analogized this issue to the threshold for camels, but it is established that the determination of the threshold (nisab) is not proven by analogy.
«بقرة» is a generic noun, and the “taa” in it is a sign of singularity, not femininity. It is used equally for both masculine and feminine.
«تَبِيعاً اَوْ تَبِيعَةً» «تبيع» refers to one who has completed one year of age and has entered the second year. And «اَوْ» is for giving a choice, meaning the official collector has the option to take either a female or a male.
«مُسِنَّةٌ» refers to the animal whose two teeth have come out, i.e., one who has completed two years and has entered the third year.
«وَمِنْ كُلَّ حَالِم» refers to every adult who has reached the age of maturity, whether he has experienced a wet dream or not.
«دِينَارًا» One dinar will be collected as jizyah from non-Muslim men.
«اَوْعَدُلَهُ» If the ‘ayn’ has a fatha and the ‘dal’ is sakin, it refers to something that is equal in value to another thing. And if the ‘ayn’ has a kasrah underneath, then it refers to something that is equal in form and appearance to another thing. And according to one opinion, whether the ‘ayn’ has a fatha or a kasrah, there is no difference; both mean “equal.”
«مَعَافِرِياً» These are the sheets that are made in Yemen and attributed to Ma‘afir. Ma‘afir, pronounced like masajid, is a tribe of Hamdan; the Ma‘afiri cloth is attributed to them.
Benefits and Issues:
➊ The aforementioned narration has been declared weak in chain by our esteemed researcher, while some other scholars have considered it hasan (good) and some sahih (authentic), and they have also mentioned its supporting evidences. This shows that, despite being weak in chain, the narration is acceptable as evidence due to other supporting reports. For the chain analysis of this hadith and details of the issue, see: [الموسوعة الحديثية مسند الامام احمد : 341 ، 339 ، 360 ، 23 ، 7 وارواء الغليل : 268/3 ۔ 271 رقم : 795 ، والسنن ابن ماجه بتحقيق الدكثور بشار عواد ، حديث : 1804 ، 1803]
➋ Zakat is not obligatory on less than thirty cows or oxen.
➌ To calculate the zakat of cows and oxen, one should see how many groups of thirty or forty there are, and then, accordingly, take calves of one or two years; that is, for thirty, a one-year-old animal is due, and for forty, a two-year-old animal is due. After that, for sixty, two one-year-old animals, and for seventy, two-year-old calves will be given and collected as zakat.
➍ The buffalo is not an animal native to Arabia, so it is not mentioned in the hadith, but in terms of benefit, value, and resemblance in form and appearance, it is similar to the cow. Therefore, caution demands that it be considered under the same ruling as the cow. Imam Ibn Mundhir has written consensus (ijma‘) on this, that buffaloes are also under the ruling of cows. See: [فتاوي ابن تيميه : 34 ، 25]
Therefore, if cows and buffaloes together complete the threshold (nisab), zakat should be given.
➎ The animal given in zakat should be from the type that is more numerous in the herd. For example, if there are twenty cows and ten buffaloes, then a one-year-old heifer should be given as zakat; and if there are ten cows and twenty buffaloes, then a one-year-old bull calf or heifer should be given. «والله اعلم»
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 485
