Nasai

(1) "From the beginning" means in any month. And sometimes he would fast three days from the middle, and sometimes he would also fast from the end of the month.

(2) "On the day of Jumu‘ah (Friday)." That is, including Thursday; otherwise, he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) forbade fasting on Friday alone. See: (Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Sawm, Hadith: 1985, and Sahih Muslim, al-Siyam, Hadith: 1144). Fasting on Thursday was his regular practice.

Benefits and Issues:
The virtue of the white days (Ayyam al-Beed) is established.
And the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would sometimes fast three days without specifying or designating particular days, so that it would not be understood as obligatory.
In this way, sometimes he would fast three days at the beginning of the month.
The days that came to the knowledge of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud radi Allahu anhu were these initial days, so he reported accordingly.
And the days that came to the knowledge of Aisha radi Allahu anha were the fasts of the white days (Ayyam al-Beed), which he would often observe, so Aisha radi Allahu anha reported accordingly.
Therefore, there is no contradiction between the two.