موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الجامعBook: On the Explanation of Various Chapters
بَابُ النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْقَوْلِ بِالْقَدَرِ
Prohibition of speaking about predestination (Qadar)
Hadith 1618
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، عَنْ الْأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " تَحَاجَّ آدَمُ، وَمُوسَى فَحَجَّ آدَمُ، مُوسَى، قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَى : أَنْتَ آدَمُ الَّذِي أَغْوَيْتَ النَّاسَ وَأَخْرَجْتَهُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ : أَنْتَ مُوسَى الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ عِلْمَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَاصْطَفَاهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِرِسَالَتِهِ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ، قَالَ : أَفَتَلُومُنِي عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدْ قُدِّرَ عَلَيَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ أُخْلَقَ ؟ "
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Adam (peace be upon him) and Musa (peace be upon him) argued, and Adam (peace be upon him) prevailed over Musa (peace be upon him). Musa (peace be upon him) said: Are you the same Adam (peace be upon him) who led people astray and expelled them from Paradise? Adam (peace be upon him) said: Are you the same Musa (peace be upon him) to whom Allah gave knowledge of everything and chose you with His message? He said: Yes. Then Adam (peace be upon him) said: Even so, do you blame me for a deed which had already been written in my destiny before I was created?"
Hadith 1619
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى شَهِدْنَا أَنْ تَقُولُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنَّا كُنَّا عَنْ هَذَا غَافِلِينَ سورة الأعراف آية 172، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُسْأَلُ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى خَلَقَ آدَمَ ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً، فَقَالَ : " خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ لِلْجَنَّةِ وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ يَعْمَلُونَ "، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً، فَقَالَ : " خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ لِلنَّارِ وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ يَعْمَلُونَ "، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَفِيمَ الْعَمَلُ ؟ قَالَ : فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلْجَنَّةِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلٍ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيُدْخِلُهُ رَبُّهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَإِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلنَّارِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلٍ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيُدْخِلُهُ رَبُّهُ النَّارَ "
It is narrated from Hazrat Muslim bin Yasar Johani that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked about this verse: «﴿وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى شَهِدْنَا أَنْ تَقُولُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنَّا كُنَّا عَنْ هَذَا غَافِلِينَ﴾ [الأعراف: 172]» That is: "And remember when your Lord brought forth from the loins of Adam all his descendants, and made them testify concerning themselves, saying: 'Am I not your Lord?' They said: 'Yes, indeed, You are our Lord.' We did this lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: 'We were unaware of this.'"
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the explanation of this verse was also asked from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, created Adam, then He passed His right hand over him and brought forth offspring from him, and said: 'I have created these for Paradise, and they will do the deeds of the people of Paradise.' Then He passed His left hand over his back and brought forth offspring, and said: 'I have created these for Hell, and they will do the deeds of the people of Hell.'"
A man said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Then what is the benefit of doing deeds?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Allah creates a servant for Paradise, He makes him do the deeds of the people of Paradise, and even at the time of death he dies while doing good deeds, so Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, admits him to Paradise. And when He creates a servant for Hell, He makes him do the deeds of the people of Hell, until even at the time of death he dies while doing evil deeds, so He admits him to Hell."
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the explanation of this verse was also asked from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, created Adam, then He passed His right hand over him and brought forth offspring from him, and said: 'I have created these for Paradise, and they will do the deeds of the people of Paradise.' Then He passed His left hand over his back and brought forth offspring, and said: 'I have created these for Hell, and they will do the deeds of the people of Hell.'"
A man said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Then what is the benefit of doing deeds?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Allah creates a servant for Paradise, He makes him do the deeds of the people of Paradise, and even at the time of death he dies while doing good deeds, so Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, admits him to Paradise. And when He creates a servant for Hell, He makes him do the deeds of the people of Hell, until even at the time of death he dies while doing evil deeds, so He admits him to Hell."
Hadith 1620
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ أَمْرَيْنِ لَنْ تَضِلُّوا مَا تَمَسَّكْتُمْ بِهِمَا : كِتَابَ اللَّهِ، وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ "
It reached Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "I am leaving among you two things; you will not go astray as long as you hold fast to them: the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger."
Hadith 1621
وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : أَدْرَكْتُ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، يَقُولُونَ : كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ، قَالَ طَاوُسٌ : وَسَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ ، يَقُولُ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ حَتَّى الْعَجْزِ وَالْكَيْسِ أَوِ الْكَيْسِ وَالْعَجْزِ "
It is narrated from Hazrat Tawus al-Yamani that he said: I met several companions who used to say: Everything is by destiny. Tawus said: I heard from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that he said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Everything is by destiny, even incapacity and cleverness."
Hadith 1622
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ ، يَقُولُ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْهَادِي وَالْفَاتِنُ "
It is narrated from Amr bin Dinar that I heard Abdullah bin Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) in a sermon, saying: Allah alone is the One Who guides and Who leads astray.
Hadith 1623
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : كُنْتُ أَسِيرُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، فَقَالَ : " مَا رَأْيُكَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَدَرِيَّةِ ؟ فَقُلْتُ : رَأْيِي أَنْ تَسْتَتِيبَهُمْ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَإِلَّا عَرَضْتَهُمْ عَلَى السَّيْفِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ : " وَذَلِكَ رَأْيِي " . قَالَ مَالِك : وَذَلِكَ رَأْيِي
Abu Suhail bin Malik was walking with Umar bin Abdul Aziz. He asked Abu Suhail: What is your opinion about the Qadariyyah? Abu Suhail said: My opinion is that they should be made to repent; if they repent, it is better, and if not, they should be killed. Umar bin Abdul Aziz said: This is also my opinion. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This is also my opinion regarding these people.
