موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الجامعBook: On the Explanation of Various Chapters
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الطَّاعُونِ
What is reported about the plague
Hadith 1613
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِسَرْغَ لَقِيَهُ أُمَرَاءُ الْأَجْنَادِ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ الْوَبَأَ قَدْ وَقَعَ بِأَرْضِ الشَّامِ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : ادْعُ لِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ، فَدَعَاهُمْ فَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّ الْوَبَأَ قَدْ وَقَعَ بِالشَّامِ فَاخْتَلَفُوا، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : قَدْ خَرَجْتَ لِأَمْرٍ وَلَا نَرَى أَنْ تَرْجِعَ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : مَعَكَ بَقِيَّةُ النَّاسِ وَأَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَلَا نَرَى أَنْ تُقْدِمَهُمْ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَبَإِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : ارْتَفِعُوا عَنِّي، ثُمَّ قَالَ : ادْعُ لِي الْأَنْصَارَ، فَدَعَوْتُهُمْ فَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ فَسَلَكُوا سَبِيلَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَاخْتَلَفُوا كَاخْتِلَافِهِمْ، فَقَالَ : ارْتَفِعُوا عَنِّي، ثُمَّ قَالَ : ادْعُ لِي مَنْ كَانَ هَاهُنَا مِنْ مَشْيَخَةِ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْ مُهَاجِرَةِ الْفَتْحِ، فَدَعَوْتُهُمْ فَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُمُ رَجُلَانِ، فَقَالُوا : نَرَى أَنْ تَرْجِعَ بِالنَّاسِ وَلَا تُقْدِمَهُمْ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَبَإِ، فَنَادَى عُمَرُ فِي النَّاسِ : إِنِّي مُصْبِحٌ عَلَى ظَهْرٍ فَأَصْبِحُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ : أَفِرَارًا مِنْ قَدَرِ اللَّهِ ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : لَوْ غَيْرُكَ قَالَهَا يَا أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ، نَعَمْ نَفِرُّ مِنْ قَدَرِ اللَّهِ إِلَى قَدَرِ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ لَكَ إِبِلٌ فَهَبَطَتْ وَادِيًا لَهُ عُدْوَتَانِ إِحْدَاهُمَا خَصِبَةٌ وَالْأُخْرَى جَدْبَةٌ، أَلَيْسَ إِنْ رَعَيْتَ الْخَصِبَةَ رَعَيْتَهَا بِقَدَرِ اللَّهِ، وَإِنْ رَعَيْتَ الْجَدْبَةَ رَعَيْتَهَا بِقَدَرِ اللَّهِ ؟ فَجَاءَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ وَكَانَ غَائِبًا فِي بَعْضِ حَاجَتِهِ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ عِنْدِي مِنْ هَذَا عِلْمًا : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِهِ بِأَرْضٍ فَلَا تَقْدَمُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ وَأَنْتُمْ بِهَا فَلَا تَخْرُجُوا فِرَارًا مِنْهُ "، قَالَ : فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) set out towards Syria(1). When he reached Sargh (Sargh is a village in the valley of Tabuk), he met the senior officers of the army, such as Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with him) and his companions(2). They said: There is an epidemic in Syria these days. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): Call the senior Muhajirun who migrated first. So he called them. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) consulted them and informed them that there was an epidemic in Syria. They differed; some said: You have set out for work (to look after the condition of the people), it is not appropriate to return. Some said: There are other people and companions with you, it is not appropriate to take them into this epidemic. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Go, and said: Call the Ansar. Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: I called the Ansar and they came. He consulted them, and they also said similar to what the Muhajirun had said, and likewise differed. He said: Go, then said: Call the elderly people of Quraysh who migrated after the conquest of Makkah. I called them. Not even two of them differed; rather, all said: In our view, it is appropriate that you return and do not take the people into this epidemic. When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had the people announced that in the morning I will mount my camel (and return to Madinah), then in the morning all the people mounted their camels and set off. At that time, Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Are you fleeing from the decree of Allah, the Glorious and Majestic? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I wish someone else had said this(3). Yes, we flee from the decree of Allah to the decree of Allah(4). If you have camels and you enter a valley with two sides, one side is green and lush and the other is dry and barren, if you graze your camels on the green and lush side, you grazed them by the decree of Allah, and if you grazed them on the dry and barren side, you grazed them by the decree of Allah(5). Meanwhile, Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived, and he had gone somewhere for some work. He said: I have knowledge of this matter. I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "When you hear that there is an epidemic in a land, do not go there, and when an epidemic breaks out in a land and you are present there, do not flee from it." Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: At that time, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) praised Allah, the Glorious and Majestic, and departed(6).
Hadith 1614
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ ، وَعَنْ سَالِمٍ أَبِي النَّضْرِ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَسْأَلُ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، مَا سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الطَّاعُونِ ؟ فَقَالَ أُسَامَةُ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الطَّاعُونُ رِجْزٌ أُرْسِلَ عَلَى طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَوْ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، فَإِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِهِ بِأَرْضٍ فَلَا تَدْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ وَأَنْتُمْ بِهَا فَلَا تَخْرُجُوا فِرَارًا مِنْهُ " . قَالَ مَالِك : قَالَ أَبُو النَّضْرِ : لَا يُخْرِجُكُمْ إِلَّا فِرَارٌ مِنْهُ
Sayyiduna Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) asked Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him): What have you heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about the plague? He said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “The plague is a punishment that was sent upon a group from the Children of Israel,” or he said, “upon those before you. So when you hear that it has broken out in a land, do not go there, and when it breaks out in a land where you are, do not flee from it.” Abu Nasr said: Do not leave with the intention of fleeing.
Hadith 1615
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ سَرْغَ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ الْوَبَأَ قَدْ وَقَعَ بِالشَّامِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِهِ بِأَرْضٍ فَلَا تَقْدَمُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ وَأَنْتُمْ بِهَا فَلَا تَخْرُجُوا فِرَارًا مِنْهُ "، فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مِنْ سَرْغَ .
It is narrated from Abdullah bin Amir bin Rabi'ah that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) set out towards Syria. When he reached Sargh, he received news that there was an epidemic in Syria. So Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "When you hear that there is an epidemic in a land, do not go there, and when an epidemic breaks out in the land where you are, do not flee from it." Upon hearing this, Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) returned from Sargh.
Hadith 1616
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّمَا رَجَعَ بِالنَّاسِ مِنْ سَرْغَ، عَنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ
It is narrated from Hazrat Salim bin Abdullah that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) returned from Sargh after hearing the hadith of Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him).
Hadith 1617
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : بَلَغَنِي، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، قَالَ : " لَبَيْتٌ بِرُكْبَةَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ أَبْيَاتٍ بِالشَّامِ " . قَالَ مَالِك : يُرِيدُ لِطُولِ الْأَعْمَارِ وَالْبَقَاءِ وَلِشِدَّةِ الْوَبَإِ بِالشَّامِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, was informed that Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said that a house in Rukbah (Rukbah is a place between Umrah and Dhat Irq) is more beloved to me than ten houses in Sham (Syria).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This was because there was an epidemic in Sham, and there was no illness in Rukbah; there, there was hope for a long life.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This was because there was an epidemic in Sham, and there was no illness in Rukbah; there, there was hope for a long life.
