موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب العقولBook: On the Explanation of Blood Money
بَابُ الْقِصَاصِ فِي الْجِرَاحِ
Chapter on Retaliation for Wounds
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Hadith 1535
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِسَكْرَانَ قَدْ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُعَاوِيَةُ : أَنْ " اقْتُلْهُ بِهِ " .
It reached Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, that Marwan bin Hakam wrote to Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan that a man killed another man while intoxicated. Muawiyah wrote in reply that you should also kill him.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي تَأْوِيلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ سورة البقرة آية 178 فَهَؤُلَاءِ الذُّكُورُ وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى سورة البقرة آية 178، أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الْإِنَاثِ كَمَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الذُّكُورِ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ الْحُرَّةُ تُقْتَلُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ، كَمَا يُقْتَلُ الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ، وَالْأَمَةُ تُقْتَلُ بِالْأَمَةِ، كَمَا يُقْتَلُ الْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ، وَالْقِصَاصُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ كَمَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ، وَالْقِصَاصُ أَيْضًا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ : وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالأَنْفَ بِالأَنْفِ وَالأُذُنَ بِالأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ سورة المائدة آية 45، فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ سورة المائدة آية 45، فَنَفْسُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ بِنَفْسِ الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ وَجُرْحُهَا بِجُرْحِهِ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: I have heard a very good explanation of this. He said: Allah the Exalted said: "Kill the free person for the free person, the slave for the slave, and the woman for the woman." So retribution (qisas) will be taken among women just as it is taken among men, and it will also be taken between a man and a woman, because Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, says: "A life for a life will be killed." So a woman will be killed in place of a man, and a man will be killed in place of a woman. Similarly, if one injures the other, then retribution will also be taken.
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الرَّجُلِ يُمْسِكُ الرَّجُلَ لِلرَّجُلِ فَيَضْرِبُهُ فَيَمُوتُ مَكَانَهُ : أَنَّهُ إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ قَتْلَهُ قُتِلَا بِهِ جَمِيعًا، وَإِنْ أَمْسَكَهُ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الضَّرْبَ مِمَّا يَضْرِبُ بِهِ النَّاسُ، لَا يَرَى أَنَّهُ عَمَدَ لِقَتْلِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ وَيُعَاقَبُ الْمُمْسِكُ أَشَدَّ الْعُقُوبَةِ، وَيُسْجَنُ سَنَةً لِأَنَّهُ أَمْسَكَهُ وَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَتْلُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person seizes another person and a second person comes and kills him, and it is known that he seized him for the purpose of having him killed, then both persons will be killed in retaliation for him. If he did not seize him with this intention, but rather thought that the other person would just kill him on his own, then the one who seized him will not be killed, but he will be given a severe punishment. And after the punishment, he will be imprisoned for one year.
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَمْدًا، أَوْ يَفْقَأُ عَيْنَهُ عَمْدًا فَيُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ أَوْ تُفْقَأُ عَيْنُ الْفَاقِئِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ : أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ دِيَةٌ وَلَا قِصَاصٌ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ حَقُّ الَّذِي قُتِلَ أَوْ فُقِئَتْ عَيْنُهُ فِي الشَّيْءِ بِالَّذِي ذَهَبَ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَمْدًا، ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ الْقَاتِلُ فَلَا يَكُونُ لِصَاحِبِ الدَّمِ إِذَا مَاتَ الْقَاتِلُ شَيْءٌ دِيَةٌ وَلَا غَيْرُهَا، وَذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ سورة البقرة آية 178 . قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ لَهُ الْقِصَاصُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ، وَإِذَا هَلَكَ قَاتِلُهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ قِصَاصٌ وَلَا دِيَةٌ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if Zaid killed Amr, or intentionally put out his eye, and before retribution (qisas) was taken from Zaid, Bakr killed him, or put out Zaid’s eye, then neither blood money (diyah) nor retribution (qisas) would be obligatory upon him, because Amr’s right was in Zaid’s life or in his eye, and now Zaid himself is no longer there, or that eye is no longer there. Its example is that if Zaid intentionally kills Amr, then Zaid also dies, then Amr’s heirs will now receive nothing, because retribution is upon the killer, and when he himself has died, then there is neither retribution nor blood money.
قَالَ مَالِك : لَيْسَ بَيْنَ الْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدِ قَوَدٌ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْجِرَاحِ، وَالْعَبْدُ يُقْتَلُ بِالْحُرِّ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا، وَلَا يُقْتَلُ الْحُرُّ بِالْعَبْدِ وَإِنْ قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا، وَهُوَ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that there is no retaliation (qisas) between a free man and a slave in cases of wounds, but if a slave kills a free man, then the slave will be killed, and if a free man kills a slave, then the free man will not be killed. This I have heard very clearly.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) heard from several good scholars that they used to say: When the murdered person forgives his killer at the time of death, it is valid. In intentional murder, he has more right over his blood than his heirs.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person pardons the murderer in the case of intentional killing, then blood money (diyah) will not be obligatory upon the murderer, unless retribution (qisas) is pardoned and blood money is stipulated.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the killer is pardoned by the victim, even then the killer will be given one hundred lashes, and will be imprisoned for one year.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that when a person is killed intentionally, and the murder is proven by witnesses, and the deceased has sons and daughters, if the sons forgive but the daughters do not forgive, then the daughters not forgiving will not cause any problem; rather, the blood will be forgiven, because as long as there are sons, the daughters do not have authority.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that retaliation (qisas) for a wound should not be taken until the injured person has recovered. When he recovers, then retaliation will be taken. Now, if the wound of the assailant also heals and becomes like that of the injured, then that is better. If not, and if the wound of the assailant worsens and he dies because of it, then there will be no compensation upon the injured. If the wound of the assailant heals completely but the hand of the injured becomes paralyzed or some other defect remains, then retaliation will not be taken from the assailant, but compensation equal to the loss will be taken from him.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a man intentionally puts out his wife's eye, breaks her hand, or cuts off her finger, then retribution (qisas) will be taken from him. However, if he strikes his wife with a rope or whip as a warning and, unintentionally, it hits a place causing a wound or damage, then blood money (diyah) will be obligatory, not retribution (qisas).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, it is agreed upon that if a person breaks someone’s hand or foot, then retribution (qisas) will be taken from him, and blood money (diyah) will not be obligatory.
Hadith 1535
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِسَكْرَانَ قَدْ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُعَاوِيَةُ : أَنْ " اقْتُلْهُ بِهِ " .
It reached Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, that Marwan bin Hakam wrote to Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan that a man killed another man while intoxicated. Muawiyah wrote in reply that you should also kill him.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي تَأْوِيلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ سورة البقرة آية 178 فَهَؤُلَاءِ الذُّكُورُ وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى سورة البقرة آية 178، أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الْإِنَاثِ كَمَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الذُّكُورِ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ الْحُرَّةُ تُقْتَلُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ، كَمَا يُقْتَلُ الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ، وَالْأَمَةُ تُقْتَلُ بِالْأَمَةِ، كَمَا يُقْتَلُ الْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ، وَالْقِصَاصُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ كَمَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ، وَالْقِصَاصُ أَيْضًا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ : وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالأَنْفَ بِالأَنْفِ وَالأُذُنَ بِالأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ سورة المائدة آية 45، فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ سورة المائدة آية 45، فَنَفْسُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ بِنَفْسِ الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ وَجُرْحُهَا بِجُرْحِهِ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: I have heard a very good explanation of this. He said: Allah the Exalted said: "Kill the free person for the free person, the slave for the slave, and the woman for the woman." So retribution (qisas) will be taken among women just as it is taken among men, and it will also be taken between a man and a woman, because Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, says: "A life for a life will be killed." So a woman will be killed in place of a man, and a man will be killed in place of a woman. Similarly, if one injures the other, then retribution will also be taken.
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الرَّجُلِ يُمْسِكُ الرَّجُلَ لِلرَّجُلِ فَيَضْرِبُهُ فَيَمُوتُ مَكَانَهُ : أَنَّهُ إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ قَتْلَهُ قُتِلَا بِهِ جَمِيعًا، وَإِنْ أَمْسَكَهُ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الضَّرْبَ مِمَّا يَضْرِبُ بِهِ النَّاسُ، لَا يَرَى أَنَّهُ عَمَدَ لِقَتْلِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ وَيُعَاقَبُ الْمُمْسِكُ أَشَدَّ الْعُقُوبَةِ، وَيُسْجَنُ سَنَةً لِأَنَّهُ أَمْسَكَهُ وَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَتْلُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person seizes another person and a second person comes and kills him, and it is known that he seized him for the purpose of having him killed, then both persons will be killed in retaliation for him. If he did not seize him with this intention, but rather thought that the other person would just kill him on his own, then the one who seized him will not be killed, but he will be given a severe punishment. And after the punishment, he will be imprisoned for one year.
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَمْدًا، أَوْ يَفْقَأُ عَيْنَهُ عَمْدًا فَيُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ أَوْ تُفْقَأُ عَيْنُ الْفَاقِئِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ : أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ دِيَةٌ وَلَا قِصَاصٌ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ حَقُّ الَّذِي قُتِلَ أَوْ فُقِئَتْ عَيْنُهُ فِي الشَّيْءِ بِالَّذِي ذَهَبَ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَمْدًا، ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ الْقَاتِلُ فَلَا يَكُونُ لِصَاحِبِ الدَّمِ إِذَا مَاتَ الْقَاتِلُ شَيْءٌ دِيَةٌ وَلَا غَيْرُهَا، وَذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ سورة البقرة آية 178 . قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ لَهُ الْقِصَاصُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ، وَإِذَا هَلَكَ قَاتِلُهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ قِصَاصٌ وَلَا دِيَةٌ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if Zaid killed Amr, or intentionally put out his eye, and before retribution (qisas) was taken from Zaid, Bakr killed him, or put out Zaid’s eye, then neither blood money (diyah) nor retribution (qisas) would be obligatory upon him, because Amr’s right was in Zaid’s life or in his eye, and now Zaid himself is no longer there, or that eye is no longer there. Its example is that if Zaid intentionally kills Amr, then Zaid also dies, then Amr’s heirs will now receive nothing, because retribution is upon the killer, and when he himself has died, then there is neither retribution nor blood money.
قَالَ مَالِك : لَيْسَ بَيْنَ الْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدِ قَوَدٌ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْجِرَاحِ، وَالْعَبْدُ يُقْتَلُ بِالْحُرِّ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا، وَلَا يُقْتَلُ الْحُرُّ بِالْعَبْدِ وَإِنْ قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا، وَهُوَ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that there is no retaliation (qisas) between a free man and a slave in cases of wounds, but if a slave kills a free man, then the slave will be killed, and if a free man kills a slave, then the free man will not be killed. This I have heard very clearly.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) heard from several good scholars that they used to say: When the murdered person forgives his killer at the time of death, it is valid. In intentional murder, he has more right over his blood than his heirs.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person pardons the murderer in the case of intentional killing, then blood money (diyah) will not be obligatory upon the murderer, unless retribution (qisas) is pardoned and blood money is stipulated.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the killer is pardoned by the victim, even then the killer will be given one hundred lashes, and will be imprisoned for one year.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that when a person is killed intentionally, and the murder is proven by witnesses, and the deceased has sons and daughters, if the sons forgive but the daughters do not forgive, then the daughters not forgiving will not cause any problem; rather, the blood will be forgiven, because as long as there are sons, the daughters do not have authority.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, it is agreed upon that if a person breaks someone’s hand or foot, then retribution (qisas) will be taken from him, and blood money (diyah) will not be obligatory.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a man intentionally puts out his wife's eye, breaks her hand, or cuts off her finger, then retribution (qisas) will be taken from him. However, if he strikes his wife with a rope or whip as a warning and, unintentionally, it hits a place causing a wound or damage, then blood money (diyah) will be obligatory, not retribution (qisas).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that retaliation (qisas) for a wound should not be taken until the injured person has recovered. When he recovers, then retaliation will be taken. Now, if the wound of the assailant also heals and becomes like that of the injured, then that is better. If not, and if the wound of the assailant worsens and he dies because of it, then there will be no compensation upon the injured. If the wound of the assailant heals completely but the hand of the injured becomes paralyzed or some other defect remains, then retaliation will not be taken from the assailant, but compensation equal to the loss will be taken from him.
Hadith 1535
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِسَكْرَانَ قَدْ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُعَاوِيَةُ : أَنْ " اقْتُلْهُ بِهِ " .
It reached Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, that Marwan bin Hakam wrote to Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan that a man killed another man while intoxicated. Muawiyah wrote in reply that you should also kill him.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي تَأْوِيلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ سورة البقرة آية 178 فَهَؤُلَاءِ الذُّكُورُ وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى سورة البقرة آية 178، أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الْإِنَاثِ كَمَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الذُّكُورِ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ الْحُرَّةُ تُقْتَلُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ، كَمَا يُقْتَلُ الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ، وَالْأَمَةُ تُقْتَلُ بِالْأَمَةِ، كَمَا يُقْتَلُ الْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ، وَالْقِصَاصُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ كَمَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ، وَالْقِصَاصُ أَيْضًا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ : وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالأَنْفَ بِالأَنْفِ وَالأُذُنَ بِالأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ سورة المائدة آية 45، فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ سورة المائدة آية 45، فَنَفْسُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ بِنَفْسِ الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ وَجُرْحُهَا بِجُرْحِهِ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: I have heard a very good explanation of this. He said: Allah the Exalted said: "Kill the free person for the free person, the slave for the slave, and the woman for the woman." So retribution (qisas) will be taken among women just as it is taken among men, and it will also be taken between a man and a woman, because Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, says: "A life for a life will be killed." So a woman will be killed in place of a man, and a man will be killed in place of a woman. Similarly, if one injures the other, then retribution will also be taken.
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الرَّجُلِ يُمْسِكُ الرَّجُلَ لِلرَّجُلِ فَيَضْرِبُهُ فَيَمُوتُ مَكَانَهُ : أَنَّهُ إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ قَتْلَهُ قُتِلَا بِهِ جَمِيعًا، وَإِنْ أَمْسَكَهُ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الضَّرْبَ مِمَّا يَضْرِبُ بِهِ النَّاسُ، لَا يَرَى أَنَّهُ عَمَدَ لِقَتْلِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ وَيُعَاقَبُ الْمُمْسِكُ أَشَدَّ الْعُقُوبَةِ، وَيُسْجَنُ سَنَةً لِأَنَّهُ أَمْسَكَهُ وَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَتْلُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person seizes another person and a second person comes and kills him, and it is known that he seized him for the purpose of having him killed, then both persons will be killed in retaliation for him. If he did not seize him with this intention, but rather thought that the other person would just kill him on his own, then the one who seized him will not be killed, but he will be given a severe punishment. And after the punishment, he will be imprisoned for one year.
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَمْدًا، أَوْ يَفْقَأُ عَيْنَهُ عَمْدًا فَيُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ أَوْ تُفْقَأُ عَيْنُ الْفَاقِئِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ : أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ دِيَةٌ وَلَا قِصَاصٌ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ حَقُّ الَّذِي قُتِلَ أَوْ فُقِئَتْ عَيْنُهُ فِي الشَّيْءِ بِالَّذِي ذَهَبَ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَمْدًا، ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ الْقَاتِلُ فَلَا يَكُونُ لِصَاحِبِ الدَّمِ إِذَا مَاتَ الْقَاتِلُ شَيْءٌ دِيَةٌ وَلَا غَيْرُهَا، وَذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ سورة البقرة آية 178 . قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ لَهُ الْقِصَاصُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ، وَإِذَا هَلَكَ قَاتِلُهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ قِصَاصٌ وَلَا دِيَةٌ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if Zaid killed Amr, or intentionally put out his eye, and before retribution (qisas) was taken from Zaid, Bakr killed him, or put out Zaid’s eye, then neither blood money (diyah) nor retribution (qisas) would be obligatory upon him, because Amr’s right was in Zaid’s life or in his eye, and now Zaid himself is no longer there, or that eye is no longer there. Its example is that if Zaid intentionally kills Amr, then Zaid also dies, then Amr’s heirs will now receive nothing, because retribution is upon the killer, and when he himself has died, then there is neither retribution nor blood money.
قَالَ مَالِك : لَيْسَ بَيْنَ الْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدِ قَوَدٌ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْجِرَاحِ، وَالْعَبْدُ يُقْتَلُ بِالْحُرِّ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا، وَلَا يُقْتَلُ الْحُرُّ بِالْعَبْدِ وَإِنْ قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا، وَهُوَ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that there is no retaliation (qisas) between a free man and a slave in cases of wounds, but if a slave kills a free man, then the slave will be killed, and if a free man kills a slave, then the free man will not be killed. This I have heard very clearly.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) heard from several good scholars that they used to say: When the murdered person forgives his killer at the time of death, it is valid. In intentional murder, he has more right over his blood than his heirs.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person pardons the murderer in the case of intentional killing, then blood money (diyah) will not be obligatory upon the murderer, unless retribution (qisas) is pardoned and blood money is stipulated.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the killer is pardoned by the victim, even then the killer will be given one hundred lashes, and will be imprisoned for one year.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that when a person is killed intentionally, and the murder is proven by witnesses, and the deceased has sons and daughters, if the sons forgive but the daughters do not forgive, then the daughters not forgiving will not cause any problem; rather, the blood will be forgiven, because as long as there are sons, the daughters do not have authority.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, it is agreed upon that if a person breaks someone’s hand or foot, then retribution (qisas) will be taken from him, and blood money (diyah) will not be obligatory.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that retaliation (qisas) for a wound should not be taken until the injured person has recovered. When he recovers, then retaliation will be taken. Now, if the wound of the assailant also heals and becomes like that of the injured, then that is better. If not, and if the wound of the assailant worsens and he dies because of it, then there will be no compensation upon the injured. If the wound of the assailant heals completely but the hand of the injured becomes paralyzed or some other defect remains, then retaliation will not be taken from the assailant, but compensation equal to the loss will be taken from him.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a man intentionally puts out his wife's eye, breaks her hand, or cuts off her finger, then retribution (qisas) will be taken from him. However, if he strikes his wife with a rope or whip as a warning and, unintentionally, it hits a place causing a wound or damage, then blood money (diyah) will be obligatory, not retribution (qisas).
Hadith 1536
وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ " أَقَادَ مِنْ كَسْرِ الْفَخِذِ "
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) was informed that Abu Bakr bin Hazm carried out retribution for the breaking of a thigh.
