موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العقولBook: On the Explanation of Blood Money
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي مِيرَاثِ الْعَقْلِ وَالتَّغْلِيظِ فِيهِ
Chapter on What is Reported Regarding Inheritance of Compensation and Its Severity
Hadith 1527
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، نَشَدَ النَّاسَ بِمِنًى : مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمٌ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ أَنْ يُخْبِرَنِي ؟ فَقَامَ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ الْكِلَابِيُّ ، فَقَالَ : كَتَبَ إِلَيّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَنْ أُوَرِّثَ امْرَأَةَ أَشْيَمَ الضِّبَابيِّ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا " . فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : ادْخُلِ الْخِبَاءَ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَخْبَرَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ، فَقَضَى بِذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ . قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ : وَكَانَ قَتْلُ أَشْيَمَ خَطَأً
It is narrated from Ibn Shihab that Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, called the people in Mina and said: Whoever knows the matter of blood money should state it to me. So, Dahhak bin Sufyan Kalabi stood up and said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, wrote to me that I should give inheritance to the woman of Ashim Dhababi from the blood money of Ashim. Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Go to the tent until I come. When Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, came, Dahhak stated the same thing. Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, gave the same order. Ibn Shihab said that Ashim was killed by mistake.
Hadith 1528
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ : أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ قَتَادَةُ حَذَفَ ابْنَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَأَصَابَ سَاقَهُ فَنُزِيَ فِي جُرْحِهِ فَمَاتَ، فَقَدِمَ سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ جُعْشُمٍ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ : " اعْدُدْ عَلَى مَاءِ قُدَيْدٍ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةَ بَعِيرٍ حَتَّى أَقْدَمَ عَلَيْكَ "، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَخَذَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْإِبِلِ ثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَثَلَاثِينَ جَذَعَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً، ثُمّ قَالَ : " أَيْنَ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ ؟ " قَالَ : هَأَنَذَا، قَالَ : خُذْهَا، فَإِنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ : " لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ شَيْءٌ "
It is narrated from Amr bin Shu'aib that a man from Banu Mudlij, whose name was Qatadah, struck his son with a sword. It hit his shin, the bleeding did not stop, and eventually he died. So Suraqah bin Ja'sham came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and informed him about it. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Keep ready one hundred and twenty camels at the water of Qudayd (Qudayd is a place between Makkah and Madinah, where there is also water) until I come there." When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived there, he took thirty hiqqahs and thirty jaz'ahs from those camels, and forty khalifahs (pregnant she-camels), then said: "Where is the brother of the murdered man?" He said: "Why, I am present." He said: "Take all these camels, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'The killer does not inherit.'"
Hadith 1529
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ , أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ سُئِلَا أَتُغَلَّظُ الدِّيَةُ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ؟ فَقَالَا : " لَا وَلَكِنْ يُزَادُ فِيهَا لِلْحُرْمَةِ "، فَقِيلَ لِسَعِيدٍ : هَلْ " يُزَادُ فِي الْجِرَاحِ كَمَا يُزَادُ فِي النَّفْسِ ؟ فَقَالَ : نَعَمْ " .
Hazrat Saeed bin Musayyib and Sulaiman bin Yasar were asked: If someone commits murder in the sacred months (Muharram, Rajab, Dhu al-Qa'dah, and Dhu al-Hijjah), will you make the blood money stricter? They replied: No, rather we will increase it, due to the sanctity of these months. Then Saeed was asked: If someone injures another in these months, will you also increase the blood money for that, just as you increase it for murder? Saeed replied: Yes.
Hadith 1529B1
قَالَ مَالِك : أُرَاهُمَا أَرَادَا مِثْلَ الَّذِي صَنَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي عَقْلِ الْمُدْلِجِيِّ حِينَ أَصَابَ ابْنَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: I think that what is meant by the increase by those two persons is the same as what Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, did in the blood money of the Mudliji, when he killed his son.
Hadith 1530
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أُحَيْحَةُ بْنُ الْجُلَاحِ كَانَ لَهُ عَمٌّ صَغِيرٌ، هُوَ أَصْغَرُ مِنْ أُحَيْحَةَ، وَكَانَ عِنْدَ أَخْوَالِهِ فَأَخَذَهُ أُحَيْحَةُ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَقَالَ أَخْوَالُهُ : كُنَّا أَهْلَ ثُمِّهِ وَرُمِّهِ حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَوَى عَلَى عُمَمِهِ غَلَبَنَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ فِي عَمِّهِ، قَالَ عُرْوَةُ : " فَلِذَلِكَ لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلٌ مَنْ قَتَلَ " .
It is narrated from Urwah bin Zubair that there was a man from the Ansar whose name was Uhayhah bin Julah, and he had a younger paternal uncle who was staying with his maternal relatives. Uhayhah took him and killed him. The people of his maternal relatives said: We raised him, nurtured him, and when he grew up, his nephew overpowered us and took him away. Urwah said: For this reason (now in Islam) the killer does not inherit from the murdered person.
Hadith 1530B1
قَالَ مَالِك : الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا، أَنَّ قَاتِلَ الْعَمْدِ لَا يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ شَيْئًا وَلَا مِنْ مَالِهِ، وَلَا يَحْجُبُ أَحَدًا وَقَعَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ، وَأَنَّ الَّذِي يَقْتُلُ خَطَأً لَا يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئًا، وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي أَنْ يَرِثَ مِنْ مَالِهِ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُتَّهَمُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ لِيَرِثَهُ وَلِيَأْخُذَ مَالَهُ، فَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يَرِثَ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَلَا يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, there is no difference of opinion in this that the one who commits intentional murder does not inherit the blood money (diyah) of the murdered person, nor his wealth, nor can he deprive any heir. And the one who commits accidental killing does not inherit the blood money, but whether he inherits the rest of the wealth or not, there is a difference of opinion in this. In my view, he will inherit the rest of the wealth.
