موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العقولBook: On the Explanation of Blood Money
بَابُ عَقْلِ الْجَنِينِ
Blood money for a fetus
Hadith 1503
وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنَّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ رَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى فَطَرَحَتْ جَنِينَهَا، " فَقَضَى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ "
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that two women from Hudhail (a tribe) fought with each other. One struck the other with a stone, causing the child in her womb to be miscarried. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that a slave man or a slave woman be given as blood money.
Hadith 1504
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى فِي الْجَنِينِ يُقْتَلُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ، فَقَالَ الَّذِي قُضِيَ عَلَيْهِ : كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ مَا لَا شَرِبَ وَلَا أَكَلَ وَلَا نَطَقَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّمَا هَذَا مِنْ إِخْوَانِ الْكُهَّانِ "
It is narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered that for the killing of a fetus in the womb, a slave man or woman should be given. The one upon whom the payment of blood money was ordered said: How can I pay compensation for a child «مَن لَا شَرَبَ وَلَا اَكَلَ وَلَا نَطَقَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَمِثْلُ ذَالِكَ يُطَلُّ» who neither drank, nor ate, nor spoke, nor cried? The blood of such a person is wasted, meaning there is no blood money for it. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "This person is a brother of the soothsayers."
Hadith 1505
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : " الْغُرَّةُ تُقَوَّمُ خَمْسِينَ دِينَارًا أَوْ سِتَّ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَدِيَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ خَمْسُ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ أَوْ سِتَّةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ " .
Rabee'ah bin Abu Abdur Rahman used to say that the price of a slave or slave-girl given as blood money for a fetus should be fifty dinars or six hundred dirhams, and the blood money for a free Muslim woman is five hundred dinars or six thousand dirhams.
Hadith 1505B1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَدِيَةُ جَنِينِ الْحُرَّةِ عُشْرُ دِيَتِهَا، وَالْعُشْرُ خَمْسُونَ دِينَارًا، أَوْ سِتُّمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا يُخَالِفُ فِي أَنَّ الْجَنِينَ لَا تَكُونُ فِيهِ الْغُرَّةُ حَتَّى يُزَايِلَ بَطْنَ أُمِّهِ، وَيَسْقُطُ مِنْ بَطْنِهَا مَيِّتًا. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَسَمِعْتُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا خَرَجَ الْجَنِينُ مِنْ بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ حَيًّا، ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَنَّ فِيهِ الدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the blood money (diyah) for the unborn child in the womb of a free woman is one-tenth of the woman's diyah, and that is fifty dinars or six hundred dirhams. This diyah becomes obligatory for the unborn child when it comes out of the womb dead. I have not heard anyone differing in this. If it comes out alive from the womb and then dies, then the full diyah will be obligatory.
Hadith 1505B2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا حَيَاةَ لِلْجَنِينِ إِلَّا بِالْاسْتِهْلَالِ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْ بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ فَاسْتَهَلَّ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ فَفِيهِ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً، وَنَرَى أَنَّ فِي جَنِينِ الْأَمَةِ عُشْرَ ثَمَنِ أُمِّهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the life of a fetus, that is, a child in the womb, will be determined by its crying; if it cries and then dies, the full blood money will be obligatory, and in the case of a slave woman’s fetus, one-tenth of the value of that slave woman must be given.
Hadith 1505B3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِذَا قَتَلَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ رَجُلًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً عَمْدًا، وَالَّتِي قَتَلَتْ حَامِلٌ لَمْ يُقَدْ مِنْهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا، وَإِنْ قُتِلَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ عَمْدًا أَوْ خَطَأً فَلَيْسَ عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهَا فِي جَنِينِهَا شَيْءٌ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَتْ عَمْدًا قُتِلَ الَّذِي قَتَلَهَا، وَلَيْسَ فِي جَنِينِهَا دِيَةٌ، وَإِنْ قُتِلَتْ خَطَأً فَعَلَى عَاقِلَةِ قَاتِلِهَا دِيَتُهَا، وَلَيْسَ فِي جَنِينِهَا دِيَةٌ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a pregnant woman kills a man or a woman, retribution (qisas) should not be taken from her until she gives birth. If someone kills a pregnant woman, whether intentionally or by mistake, the blood money (diyah) for her fetus will not be obligatory. Rather, if she was killed intentionally, the killer will be killed, and if she was killed by mistake, the blood money for the woman will be obligatory upon the killer’s ‘aqilah (male relatives responsible for blood money).
Hadith 1505B4
سُئِلَ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ جَنِينِ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةِ يُطْرَحُ؟ فَقَالَ : أَرَى أَنَّ فِيهِ عُشْرَ دِيَةِ أُمِّهِ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked: What if someone kills the fetus of a Jewish or Christian woman? He replied: One-tenth of the blood money of its mother will have to be given.
