موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب العقولBook: On the Explanation of Blood Money
بَابُ عَقْلِ الْمَرْأَةِ
Blood money for a woman
Hadith 1500
عَنْ مَالِكٌ، أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَهُمْ فِي الْخَطَإِ، أَنَّهُ لَا يُعْقَلُ حَتَّى يَبْرَأَ الْمَجْرُوحُ، وَيَصِحَّ وَأَنَّهُ إِنْ كُسِرَ عَظْمٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ يَدٌ أَوْ رِجْلٌ أَوْ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْجَسَدِ خَطَأً، فَبَرَأَ وَصَحَّ وَعَادَ لِهَيْئَتِهِ، فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ عَقْلٌ، فَإِنْ نَقَصَ أَوْ كَانَ فِيهِ عَثَلٌ فَفِيهِ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ بِحِسَابِ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْهُ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَإِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْعَظْمُ مِمَّا جَاءَ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى، فَبِحِسَابِ مَا فَرَضَ فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَمَا كَانَ مِمَّا لَمْ يَأْتِ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى، وَلَمْ تَمْضِ فِيهِ سُنَّةٌ، وَلَا عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى، فَإِنَّهُ يُجْتَهَدُ فِيهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, there is consensus regarding mistakes that the ruling of blood money (diyah) for a wound will not apply until the injured person recovers. If the bone of the hand or foot is broken and then heals and becomes as it was before, there is no diyah for it. But if some defect remains, then diyah will be given according to the extent of the loss. If it is a bone for which diyah has been established from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then that much diyah will be obligatory. Otherwise, diyah will be given as deemed appropriate after careful consideration.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَيْسَ فِي الْجِرَاحِ فِي الْجَسَدِ إِذَا كَانَتْ خَطَأً عَقْلٌ إِذَا بَرَأَ الْجُرْحُ، وَعَادَ لِهَيْئَتِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَثَلٌ أَوْ شَيْنٌ، فَإِنَّهُ يُجْتَهَدُ فِيهِ إِلَّا الْجَائِفَةَ، فَإِنَّ فِيهَا ثُلُثَ دِيَةِ النَّفْسِ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَيْسَ فِي مُنَقِّلَةِ الْجَسَدِ عَقْلٌ، وَهِيَ مِثْلُ مُوضِحَةِ الْجَسَدِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a wound is inflicted on the body by mistake and it heals without leaving a mark, there is no blood money (diyah). If a blemish or defect remains, then blood money corresponding to it must be given. However, in the case of a jaifah (a wound reaching the body cavity), one-third of the blood money is obligatory. And for a displaced bone (munqilah) in the body, there is no blood money, just as in the case of a clarified wound (mudiha) in the body.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا : أَنَّ الطَّبِيبَ إِذَا خَتَنَ، فَقَطَعَ الْحَشَفَةَ إِنَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَقْلَ، وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْخَطَإِ الَّذِي تَحْمِلُهُ الْعَاقِلَةُ، وَأَنَّ كُلَّ مَا أَخْطَأَ بِهِ الطَّبِيبُ أَوْ تَعَدَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ ذَلِكَ، فَفِيهِ الْعَقْلُ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon that if a surgeon, while performing circumcision, mistakenly cuts off the glans, then blood money (diyah) is due, and this diyah will be upon the 'aqilah (the male relatives responsible for paying blood money). Similarly, if a physician makes a mistake out of forgetfulness or error, then blood money is due (but if it is done intentionally, then retribution (qisas) applies).
وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : " تُعَاقِلُ الْمَرْأَةُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ الدِّيَةِ، إِصْبَعُهَا كَإِصْبَعِهِ وَسِنُّهَا كَسِنِّهِ وَمُوضِحَتُهَا كَمُوضِحَتِهِ وَمُنَقِّلَتُهَا كَمُنَقِّلَتِهِ "
Hazrat Saeed bin Musayyib used to say that the blood money (diyah) of a man and a woman is equal up to one third of the diyah, for example, a woman's finger is like a man's finger, and a woman's tooth is like a man's tooth, and a woman's wound (mudiha) is like a man's wound (mudiha), and similarly, the broken bone (munqil) of a woman is like the broken bone (munqil) of a man.
Hadith 1501
قَالَ مَالِك : وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا تُعَاقِلُهُ فِي الْمُوضِحَةِ وَالْمُنَقِّلَةِ وَمَا دُونَ الْمَأْمُومَةِ وَالْجَائِفَةِ وَأَشْبَاهِهِمَا مِمَّا يَكُونُ فِيهِ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ فَصَاعِدًا، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ ذَلِكَ كَانَ عَقْلُهَا فِي ذَلِكَ النِّصْفَ مِنْ عَقْلِ الرَّجُلِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that in the case of *muwaddiha* and *munqillah*, the blood money (diyah) of a woman and a man will be equal, and in the case of *mamaumah* and *jaifah*, in which one-third of the diyah is obligatory, the diyah of a woman will be half of the diyah of a man.
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَبَلَغَهُ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَقُولَانِ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، فِي الْمَرْأَةِ : أَنَّهَا " تُعَاقِلُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ ثُلُثَ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ كَانَتْ إِلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ " .
Ibn Shihab and Urwah bin Zubair used to say, just as Said bin Musayyib used to say, that a woman will be equal to a man in blood money up to one-third, then after that her blood money will be half of that of a man.
Hadith 1501
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَبَلَغَهُ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَقُولَانِ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، فِي الْمَرْأَةِ : أَنَّهَا " تُعَاقِلُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ ثُلُثَ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ كَانَتْ إِلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ " .
Ibn Shihab and Urwah bin Zubair used to say, just as Said bin Musayyib used to say, that a woman will be equal to a man in blood money up to one-third, then after that her blood money will be half of that of a man.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا تُعَاقِلُهُ فِي الْمُوضِحَةِ وَالْمُنَقِّلَةِ وَمَا دُونَ الْمَأْمُومَةِ وَالْجَائِفَةِ وَأَشْبَاهِهِمَا مِمَّا يَكُونُ فِيهِ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ فَصَاعِدًا، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ ذَلِكَ كَانَ عَقْلُهَا فِي ذَلِكَ النِّصْفَ مِنْ عَقْلِ الرَّجُلِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that in the case of *muwaddiha* and *munqillah*, the blood money (diyah) of a woman and a man will be equal, and in the case of *mamaumah* and *jaifah*, in which one-third of the diyah is obligatory, the diyah of a woman will be half of the diyah of a man.
Hadith 1502
قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْخَطَإِ، أَنْ يَضْرِبَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَيُصِيبَهَا مِنْ ضَرْبِهِ مَا لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ، كَمَا يَضْرِبُهَا بِسَوْطٍ فَيَفْقَأُ عَيْنَهَا وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that this is when a man injures his wife by mistake, not intentionally (if he does it intentionally, then retaliation will be obligatory).
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يَكُونُ لَهَا زَوْجٌ وَوَلَدٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ عَصَبَتِهَا وَلَا قَوْمِهَا : فَلَيْسَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ قَبِيلَةٍ أُخْرَى مِنْ عَقْلِ جِنَايَتِهَا شَيْءٌ، وَلَا عَلَى وَلَدِهَا إِذَا كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ قَوْمِهَا، وَلَا عَلَى إِخْوَتِهَا مِنْ أُمِّهَا إِذَا كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ عَصَبَتِهَا، وَلَا قَوْمِهَا فَهَؤُلَاءِ أَحَقُّ بِمِيرَاثِهَا، وَالْعَصَبَةُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَقْلُ مُنْذُ زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَوَالِي الْمَرْأَةِ مِيرَاثُهُمْ لِوَلَدِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ قَبِيلَتِهَا، وَعَقْلُ جِنَايَةِ الْمَوَالِي عَلَى قَبِيلَتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a woman's husband or son is not from her tribe, then he will not share in the blood money (diyah) for the woman's crime. Similarly, her son or uterine brother, when they are from another tribe, because since the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, the blood money is upon the woman's family, except that inheritance will go to the son and uterine brothers, just as the inheritance of a woman's freed slaves will go to her son, even if he is not from her tribe, but the blood money for her crime will be upon the woman's family.
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، يَقُولُ : " مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَصَابَ امْرَأَتَهُ بِجُرْحٍ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ عَقْلَ ذَلِكَ الْجُرْحِ وَلَا يُقَادُ مِنْهُ " .
Ibn Shihab used to say that it is an established Sunnah that if a man injures his wife, blood money (diyah) will be taken from him, and retribution (qisas) will not be taken.
Hadith 1502
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، يَقُولُ : " مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَصَابَ امْرَأَتَهُ بِجُرْحٍ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ عَقْلَ ذَلِكَ الْجُرْحِ وَلَا يُقَادُ مِنْهُ " .
Ibn Shihab used to say that it is an established Sunnah that if a man injures his wife, blood money (diyah) will be taken from him, and retribution (qisas) will not be taken.
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يَكُونُ لَهَا زَوْجٌ وَوَلَدٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ عَصَبَتِهَا وَلَا قَوْمِهَا : فَلَيْسَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ قَبِيلَةٍ أُخْرَى مِنْ عَقْلِ جِنَايَتِهَا شَيْءٌ، وَلَا عَلَى وَلَدِهَا إِذَا كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ قَوْمِهَا، وَلَا عَلَى إِخْوَتِهَا مِنْ أُمِّهَا إِذَا كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ عَصَبَتِهَا، وَلَا قَوْمِهَا فَهَؤُلَاءِ أَحَقُّ بِمِيرَاثِهَا، وَالْعَصَبَةُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَقْلُ مُنْذُ زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَوَالِي الْمَرْأَةِ مِيرَاثُهُمْ لِوَلَدِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ قَبِيلَتِهَا، وَعَقْلُ جِنَايَةِ الْمَوَالِي عَلَى قَبِيلَتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a woman's husband or son is not from her tribe, then he will not share in the blood money (diyah) for the woman's crime. Similarly, her son or uterine brother, when they are from another tribe, because since the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, the blood money is upon the woman's family, except that inheritance will go to the son and uterine brothers, just as the inheritance of a woman's freed slaves will go to her son, even if he is not from her tribe, but the blood money for her crime will be upon the woman's family.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْخَطَإِ، أَنْ يَضْرِبَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَيُصِيبَهَا مِنْ ضَرْبِهِ مَا لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ، كَمَا يَضْرِبُهَا بِسَوْطٍ فَيَفْقَأُ عَيْنَهَا وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that this is when a man injures his wife by mistake, not intentionally (if he does it intentionally, then retaliation will be obligatory).
Hadith 1502
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ، يَقُولُ : " مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَصَابَ امْرَأَتَهُ بِجُرْحٍ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ عَقْلَ ذَلِكَ الْجُرْحِ وَلَا يُقَادُ مِنْهُ " .
Ibn Shihab used to say that it is an established Sunnah that if a man injures his wife, blood money (diyah) will be taken from him, and retribution (qisas) will not be taken.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْخَطَإِ، أَنْ يَضْرِبَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَيُصِيبَهَا مِنْ ضَرْبِهِ مَا لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ، كَمَا يَضْرِبُهَا بِسَوْطٍ فَيَفْقَأُ عَيْنَهَا وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that this is when a man injures his wife by mistake, not intentionally (if he does it intentionally, then retaliation will be obligatory).
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يَكُونُ لَهَا زَوْجٌ وَوَلَدٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ عَصَبَتِهَا وَلَا قَوْمِهَا : فَلَيْسَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ قَبِيلَةٍ أُخْرَى مِنْ عَقْلِ جِنَايَتِهَا شَيْءٌ، وَلَا عَلَى وَلَدِهَا إِذَا كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ قَوْمِهَا، وَلَا عَلَى إِخْوَتِهَا مِنْ أُمِّهَا إِذَا كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ عَصَبَتِهَا، وَلَا قَوْمِهَا فَهَؤُلَاءِ أَحَقُّ بِمِيرَاثِهَا، وَالْعَصَبَةُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَقْلُ مُنْذُ زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَوَالِي الْمَرْأَةِ مِيرَاثُهُمْ لِوَلَدِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ قَبِيلَتِهَا، وَعَقْلُ جِنَايَةِ الْمَوَالِي عَلَى قَبِيلَتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a woman's husband or son is not from her tribe, then he will not share in the blood money (diyah) for the woman's crime. Similarly, her son or uterine brother, when they are from another tribe, because since the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, the blood money is upon the woman's family, except that inheritance will go to the son and uterine brothers, just as the inheritance of a woman's freed slaves will go to her son, even if he is not from her tribe, but the blood money for her crime will be upon the woman's family.
