موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العقولBook: On the Explanation of Blood Money
بَابُ عَقْلِ الْجِرَاحِ فِي الْخَطَإِ
Blood money for wounds in accidental cases
Hadith 1500B1
عَنْ مَالِكٌ، أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَهُمْ فِي الْخَطَإِ، أَنَّهُ لَا يُعْقَلُ حَتَّى يَبْرَأَ الْمَجْرُوحُ، وَيَصِحَّ وَأَنَّهُ إِنْ كُسِرَ عَظْمٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ يَدٌ أَوْ رِجْلٌ أَوْ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْجَسَدِ خَطَأً، فَبَرَأَ وَصَحَّ وَعَادَ لِهَيْئَتِهِ، فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ عَقْلٌ، فَإِنْ نَقَصَ أَوْ كَانَ فِيهِ عَثَلٌ فَفِيهِ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ بِحِسَابِ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْهُ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَإِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْعَظْمُ مِمَّا جَاءَ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى، فَبِحِسَابِ مَا فَرَضَ فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَمَا كَانَ مِمَّا لَمْ يَأْتِ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى، وَلَمْ تَمْضِ فِيهِ سُنَّةٌ، وَلَا عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى، فَإِنَّهُ يُجْتَهَدُ فِيهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, there is consensus regarding mistakes that the ruling of blood money (diyah) for a wound will not apply until the injured person recovers. If the bone of the hand or foot is broken and then heals and becomes as it was before, there is no diyah for it. But if some defect remains, then diyah will be given according to the extent of the loss. If it is a bone for which diyah has been established from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then that much diyah will be obligatory. Otherwise, diyah will be given as deemed appropriate after careful consideration.
Hadith 1500B2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَيْسَ فِي الْجِرَاحِ فِي الْجَسَدِ إِذَا كَانَتْ خَطَأً عَقْلٌ إِذَا بَرَأَ الْجُرْحُ، وَعَادَ لِهَيْئَتِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَثَلٌ أَوْ شَيْنٌ، فَإِنَّهُ يُجْتَهَدُ فِيهِ إِلَّا الْجَائِفَةَ، فَإِنَّ فِيهَا ثُلُثَ دِيَةِ النَّفْسِ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَيْسَ فِي مُنَقِّلَةِ الْجَسَدِ عَقْلٌ، وَهِيَ مِثْلُ مُوضِحَةِ الْجَسَدِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a wound is inflicted on the body by mistake and it heals without leaving a mark, there is no blood money (diyah). If a blemish or defect remains, then blood money corresponding to it must be given. However, in the case of a jaifah (a wound reaching the body cavity), one-third of the blood money is obligatory. And for a displaced bone (munqilah) in the body, there is no blood money, just as in the case of a clarified wound (mudiha) in the body.
Hadith 1500B3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا : أَنَّ الطَّبِيبَ إِذَا خَتَنَ، فَقَطَعَ الْحَشَفَةَ إِنَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَقْلَ، وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْخَطَإِ الَّذِي تَحْمِلُهُ الْعَاقِلَةُ، وَأَنَّ كُلَّ مَا أَخْطَأَ بِهِ الطَّبِيبُ أَوْ تَعَدَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ ذَلِكَ، فَفِيهِ الْعَقْلُ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon that if a surgeon, while performing circumcision, mistakenly cuts off the glans, then blood money (diyah) is due, and this diyah will be upon the 'aqilah (the male relatives responsible for paying blood money). Similarly, if a physician makes a mistake out of forgetfulness or error, then blood money is due (but if it is done intentionally, then retribution (qisas) applies).
