موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الفرائضBook: On the Explanation of Division of Inheritance
بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْجَدَّةِ
Inheritance of the grandmother
Hadith 1480
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " فَرَضَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ : لِلْجَدِّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ الثُّلُثَ " . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَالْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، وَالَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا : أَنَّ الْجَدَّ أَبَا الْأَبِ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْأَبِ دِنْيَا شَيْئًا، وَهُوَ يُفْرَضُ لَهُ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ، وَمَعَ ابْنِ الْابْنِ الذَّكَرِ السُّدُسُ فَرِيضَةً، وَهُوَ فِيمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى أَخًا أَوْ أُخْتًا لِأَبِيهِ، يُبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَّكَهُ بِفَرِيضَةٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ، فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ السُّدُسُ فَمَا فَوْقَهُ، فُرِضَ لِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ فَرِيضَةً . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَالْجَدُّ وَالْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ إِذَا شَرَّكَهُمْ أَحَدٌ بِفَرِيضَةٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ، يُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ شَرَّكَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ، فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَمَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِلْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، فَإِنَّهُ يُنْظَرُ أَيُّ ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ، أُعْطِيَهُ الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا بَقِيَ لَهُ وَلِلْإِخْوَةِ، أَوْ يَكُونُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ فِيمَا يَحْصُلُ لَهُ وَلَهُمْ، يُقَاسِمُهُمْ بِمِثْلِ حِصَّةِ أَحَدِهِمْ، أَوِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ، أَيُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ أَفْضَلَ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ أُعْطِيَهُ الْجَدُّ، وَكَانَ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، إِلَّا فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ تَكُونُ قِسْمَتُهُمْ فِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَتِلْكَ الْفَرِيضَةُ امْرَأَةٌ تُوُفِّيَتْ، وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأُمَّهَا وَأُخْتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَأَبِيهَا وَجَدَّهَا، فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَلِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ وَلِلْأُخْتِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ النِّصْفُ، ثُمَّ يُجْمَعُ سُدُسُ الْجَدِّ، وَنِصْفُ الْأُخْتِ فَيُقْسَمُ أَثْلَاثًا لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، فَيَكُونُ لِلْجَدِّ ثُلُثَاهُ، وَلِلْأُخْتِ ثُلُثُهُ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، كَمِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، سَوَاءٌ ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَالْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ، فَإِنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ يُعَادُّونَ الْجَدَّ بِإِخْوَتِهِمْ لِأَبِيهِمْ، فَيَمْنَعُونَهُ بِهِمْ كَثْرَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِعَدَدِهِمْ، وَلَا يُعَادُّونَهُ بِالْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ، لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَ الْجَدِّ غَيْرُهُمْ، لَمْ يَرِثُوا مَعَهُ شَيْئًا . وَكَانَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلْجَدِّ، فَمَا حَصَلَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ حَظِّ الْجَدِّ، فَإِنَّهُ يَكُونُ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ دُونَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ مَعَهُمْ شَيْءٌ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً، فَإِنَّهَا تُعَادُّ الْجَدَّ بِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأَبِيهَا مَا كَانُوا، فَمَا حَصَلَ لَهُمْ وَلَهَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ، كَانَ لَهَا دُونَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ أَنْ تَسْتَكْمِلَ فَرِيضَتَهَا، وَفَرِيضَتُهَا النِّصْفُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا يُحَازُ لَهَا وَلِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأَبِيهَا فَضْلٌ عَنْ نِصْفِ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ، فَهُوَ لِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأَبِيهَا، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Qabisah bin Dhuwayb (may Allah be pleased with him) that the maternal grandmother of a deceased person came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) to claim inheritance. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "There is no prescribed share for you in the Book of Allah, nor have I heard any hadith from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) regarding this matter. So go back, and I will inquire from the people." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the people, and Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shu’bah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I was present at that time; in my presence, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) allotted the grandmother one-sixth." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Is there anyone else with you (who knows about this matter)?" Then Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Maslamah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and narrated just as Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shu’bah (may Allah be pleased with him) had said. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) allotted her one-sixth. Then, during the time of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), a paternal grandmother came to claim inheritance. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "There is no share for you mentioned in the Book of Allah, and the previous ruling was regarding the maternal grandmother, and I cannot add anything to the prescribed shares from myself. But you too may take the same one-sixth; if both grandmothers are present, then both should share the one-sixth, and if only one of you is present (i.e., only the maternal or only the paternal grandmother), then she alone should take the one-sixth."
Hadith 1481
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ إِسْحَاق بْنِ خَرَشَةَ ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا، فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ : مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ شَيْءٌ، وَمَا عَلِمْتُ لَكِ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَيْئًا، فَارْجِعِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ النَّاسَ، فَسَأَلَ النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ : " حَضَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْطَاهَا السُّدُسَ "، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : هَلْ مَعَكَ غَيْرُكَ ؟ فَقَامَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، فَقَالَ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ، فَأَنْفَذَهُ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ " ثُمَّ جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ الْأُخْرَى إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا، فَقَالَ لَهَا : " مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ شَيْءٌ، وَمَا كَانَ الْقَضَاءُ الَّذِي قُضِيَ بِهِ إِلَّا لِغَيْرِكِ، وَمَا أَنَا بِزَائِدٍ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ شَيْئًا، وَلَكِنَّهُ ذَلِكَ السُّدُسُ، فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعْتُمَا فَهُوَ بَيْنَكُمَا، وَأَيَّتُكُمَا خَلَتْ بِهِ فَهُوَ لَهَا "
It is narrated from Qasim bin Muhammad that both the maternal and paternal grandmothers came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) intended to give the maternal grandmother one-sixth share. An Ansari man said: O Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him)! You are not giving it to the one who, if she died and the deceased was alive, that is, her grandson, would inherit (and you are giving it to the one who, if she died and the deceased was alive, that is, her daughter's son, would not inherit). Then, after hearing this, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) gave one-sixth share to both of them.
Hadith 1482
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : أَتَتِ الْجَدَّتَانِ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ السُّدُسَ لِلَّتِي مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ : أَمَا إِنَّكَ تَتْرُكُ الَّتِي لَوْ مَاتَتْ وَهُوَ حَيٌّ كَانَ إِيَّاهَا يَرِثُ، " فَجَعَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ السُّدُسَ بَيْنَهُمَا "
Hazrat Abu Bakr bin Abdur Rahman would not allot a share except to the maternal grandmother or the paternal grandmother.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: According to us, this is the ruling in which there is no difference of opinion, that the maternal grandmother will not receive anything while the mother is present; however, if the mother is not present, she will receive one-sixth. And the paternal grandmother will not receive anything while the mother or the father is present; when both the mother and father are not present, she will receive one-sixth. If both the maternal and paternal grandmothers are present and the deceased's parents, who are closer than the grandmothers, are not present, then among them, if the maternal grandmother is closer to the deceased, she alone will receive one-sixth (1), and if the paternal grandmother is closer (2) or both are equally close (3), then both will share the one-sixth.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: There is no inheritance for anyone among the grandmothers except the mother’s mother, no matter how far she may be (1); apart from her, no other maternal (2) or paternal (3) grandmother is allotted inheritance. Because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, allotted inheritance to the maternal grandmother, then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, also inquired about it, and when it became known to him that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, allotted inheritance to the maternal grandmother, he did so as well. After that, the paternal grandmother came during the time of Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. He said: I cannot increase the prescribed shares, but if you and the maternal grandmother are both present, then both of you should share the one-sixth, and if any one of you is alone, then she should take the full one-sixth (4).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Since the beginning of Islam until today, no one has allotted inheritance to any kind of grandmother except these maternal and paternal grandmothers.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: According to us, this is the ruling in which there is no difference of opinion, that the maternal grandmother will not receive anything while the mother is present; however, if the mother is not present, she will receive one-sixth. And the paternal grandmother will not receive anything while the mother or the father is present; when both the mother and father are not present, she will receive one-sixth. If both the maternal and paternal grandmothers are present and the deceased's parents, who are closer than the grandmothers, are not present, then among them, if the maternal grandmother is closer to the deceased, she alone will receive one-sixth (1), and if the paternal grandmother is closer (2) or both are equally close (3), then both will share the one-sixth.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: There is no inheritance for anyone among the grandmothers except the mother’s mother, no matter how far she may be (1); apart from her, no other maternal (2) or paternal (3) grandmother is allotted inheritance. Because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, allotted inheritance to the maternal grandmother, then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, also inquired about it, and when it became known to him that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, allotted inheritance to the maternal grandmother, he did so as well. After that, the paternal grandmother came during the time of Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. He said: I cannot increase the prescribed shares, but if you and the maternal grandmother are both present, then both of you should share the one-sixth, and if any one of you is alone, then she should take the full one-sixth (4).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Since the beginning of Islam until today, no one has allotted inheritance to any kind of grandmother except these maternal and paternal grandmothers.
