موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الرهونBook: On the Explanation of Pledges (Mortgages)
بَابُ الْعَيْبِ فِي السِّلْعَةِ وَضَمَانِهَا
Defect in Goods and Its Guarantee
Hadith 1474Q1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَبْتَاعُ السِّلْعَةَ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ أَوِ الثِّيَابِ أَوِ الْعُرُوضِ : فَيُوجَدُ ذَلِكَ الْبَيْعُ غَيْرَ جَائِزٍ فَيُرَدُّ وَيُؤْمَرُ الَّذِي قَبَضَ السِّلْعَةَ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ سِلْعَتَهُ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَلَيْسَ لِصَاحِبِ السِّلْعَةِ إِلَّا قِيمَتُهَا يَوْمَ قُبِضَتْ مِنْهُ وَلَيْسَ يَوْمَ يَرُدُّ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ ضَمِنَهَا مِنْ يَوْمَ قَبَضَهَا. فَمَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنْ نُقْصَانٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. كَانَ عَلَيْهِ. فَبِذَلِكَ كَانَ نِمَاؤُهَا وَزِيَادَتُهَا لَهُ. وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَقْبِضُ السِّلْعَةَ فِي زَمَانٍ هِيَ فِيهِ نَافِقَةٌ مَرْغُوبٌ فِيهَا ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهَا فِي زَمَانٍ هِيَ فِيهِ سَاقِطَةٌ لَا يُرِيدُهَا أَحَدٌ فَيَقْبِضُ الرَّجُلُ السِّلْعَةَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ فَيَبِيعُهَا بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ. وَيُمْسِكُهَا وَثَمَنُهَا ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهَا وَإِنَّمَا ثَمَنُهَا دِينَارٌ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ مِنْ مَالِ الرَّجُلِ بِتِسْعَةِ دَنَانِيرَ أَوْ يَقْبِضُهَا مِنْهُ الرَّجُلُ فَيَبِيعُهَا بِدِينَارٍ. أَوْ يُمْسِكُهَا. وَإِنَّمَا ثَمَنُهَا دِينَارٌ. ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهَا وَقِيمَتُهَا يَوْمَ يَرُدُّهَا عَشَرَةُ دَنَانِيرَ. فَلَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي قَبَضَهَا أَنْ يَغْرَمَ لِصَاحِبِهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ تِسْعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ. إِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةُ مَا قَبَضَ يَوْمَ قَبْضِهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys an animal, cloth, or any other goods, and then it becomes known that the sale was invalid, and the buyer is ordered to return the item to the seller (even if the item has become defective), then the seller will receive the price of that item as it was on the day it came into the buyer’s possession, not the day it is returned. This is because from the day the item came into the buyer’s possession, he became its guarantor. Now, any loss that occurs to it will be upon him, and any increase will also be his. Sometimes it happens that a person acquires goods at a time when they are valuable and in demand, and then returns them at a time when they are worthless and no one wants them. For example, a person buys an item for ten dinars, keeps it for a while, and then returns it at a time when its price is one dinar. It cannot be that the poor seller suffers a loss of nine dinars. Or, on the day it was bought, its price was one dinar, and at the time of return, its price became ten dinars, so the seller would unjustly cause the buyer a loss of nine dinars. Therefore, the price is due as it was on the day the item came into the buyer’s possession.
Hadith 1474Q2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمِمَّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ السَّارِقَ إِذَا سَرَقَ السِّلْعَةَ فَإِنَّمَا يُنْظَرُ إِلَى ثَمَنِهَا يَوْمَ يَسْرِقُهَا. فَإِنْ كَانَ يَجِبُ فِيهِ الْقَطْعُ كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنِ اسْتَأْخَرَ قَطْعُهُ إِمَّا فِي سِجْنٍ يُحْبَسُ فِيهِ حَتَّى يُنْظَرَ فِي شَأْنِهِ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَهْرُبَ السَّارِقُ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ اسْتِئْخَارُ قَطْعِهِ بِالَّذِي يَضَعُ عَنْهُ حَدًّا قَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ سَرَقَ وَإِنْ رَخُصَتْ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. وَلَا بِالَّذِي يُوجِبُ عَلَيْهِ قَطْعًا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ أَخَذَهَا إِنْ غَلَتْ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the evidence for this is that when a thief steals someone's property, its value will be assessed according to the day of the theft, and then his hand will be cut off; otherwise, it will not. If there is a delay in cutting off his hand and the value of that item increases or decreases, that will not be taken into consideration.
