موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب الرهونBook: On the Explanation of Pledges (Mortgages)
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْمُؤَنَّثِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَمَنْ أَحَقُّ بِالْوَلَدِ
What is Reported Regarding Effeminate Men and Who Has More Right to the Child
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Hadith 1472
حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّ مُخَنَّثًا كَانَ عِنْدَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْمَعُ : يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، إِنْ فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ الطَّائِفَ غَدًا، فَأَنَا أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى ابْنَةِ غَيْلَانَ، فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبِلُ بِأَرْبَعٍ وَتُدْبِرُ بِثَمَانٍ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَدْخُلَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ عَلَيْكُمْ "
It is narrated from ‘Urwah bin Zubair that there was a mukhannath (a naturally impotent man, whose name was Hit) with Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her). He said to ‘Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah, while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was listening: “O ‘Abdullah! If tomorrow Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, grants you victory over Ta’if by your hand, then you must take the daughter of Ghilan. When she comes forward, four folds are visible on her belly, and when she turns her back, eight folds are visible (four on each side).” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “These people should not come to you.”
Hadith 1473
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَبْتَاعُ السِّلْعَةَ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ أَوِ الثِّيَابِ أَوِ الْعُرُوضِ : فَيُوجَدُ ذَلِكَ الْبَيْعُ غَيْرَ جَائِزٍ فَيُرَدُّ وَيُؤْمَرُ الَّذِي قَبَضَ السِّلْعَةَ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ سِلْعَتَهُ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَلَيْسَ لِصَاحِبِ السِّلْعَةِ إِلَّا قِيمَتُهَا يَوْمَ قُبِضَتْ مِنْهُ وَلَيْسَ يَوْمَ يَرُدُّ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ ضَمِنَهَا مِنْ يَوْمَ قَبَضَهَا. فَمَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنْ نُقْصَانٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. كَانَ عَلَيْهِ. فَبِذَلِكَ كَانَ نِمَاؤُهَا وَزِيَادَتُهَا لَهُ. وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَقْبِضُ السِّلْعَةَ فِي زَمَانٍ هِيَ فِيهِ نَافِقَةٌ مَرْغُوبٌ فِيهَا ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهَا فِي زَمَانٍ هِيَ فِيهِ سَاقِطَةٌ لَا يُرِيدُهَا أَحَدٌ فَيَقْبِضُ الرَّجُلُ السِّلْعَةَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ فَيَبِيعُهَا بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ. وَيُمْسِكُهَا وَثَمَنُهَا ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهَا وَإِنَّمَا ثَمَنُهَا دِينَارٌ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ مِنْ مَالِ الرَّجُلِ بِتِسْعَةِ دَنَانِيرَ أَوْ يَقْبِضُهَا مِنْهُ الرَّجُلُ فَيَبِيعُهَا بِدِينَارٍ. أَوْ يُمْسِكُهَا. وَإِنَّمَا ثَمَنُهَا دِينَارٌ. ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهَا وَقِيمَتُهَا يَوْمَ يَرُدُّهَا عَشَرَةُ دَنَانِيرَ. فَلَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي قَبَضَهَا أَنْ يَغْرَمَ لِصَاحِبِهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ تِسْعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ. إِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةُ مَا قَبَضَ يَوْمَ قَبْضِهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys an animal, cloth, or any other goods, and then it becomes known that the sale was invalid, and the buyer is ordered to return the item to the seller (even if the item has become defective), then the seller will receive the price of that item as it was on the day it came into the buyer’s possession, not the day it is returned. This is because from the day the item came into the buyer’s possession, he became its guarantor. Now, any loss that occurs to it will be upon him, and any increase will also be his. Sometimes it happens that a person acquires goods at a time when they are valuable and in demand, and then returns them at a time when they are worthless and no one wants them. For example, a person buys an item for ten dinars, keeps it for a while, and then returns it at a time when its price is one dinar. It cannot be that the poor seller suffers a loss of nine dinars. Or, on the day it was bought, its price was one dinar, and at the time of return, its price became ten dinars, so the seller would unjustly cause the buyer a loss of nine dinars. Therefore, the price is due as it was on the day the item came into the buyer’s possession.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمِمَّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ السَّارِقَ إِذَا سَرَقَ السِّلْعَةَ فَإِنَّمَا يُنْظَرُ إِلَى ثَمَنِهَا يَوْمَ يَسْرِقُهَا. فَإِنْ كَانَ يَجِبُ فِيهِ الْقَطْعُ كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنِ اسْتَأْخَرَ قَطْعُهُ إِمَّا فِي سِجْنٍ يُحْبَسُ فِيهِ حَتَّى يُنْظَرَ فِي شَأْنِهِ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَهْرُبَ السَّارِقُ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ اسْتِئْخَارُ قَطْعِهِ بِالَّذِي يَضَعُ عَنْهُ حَدًّا قَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ سَرَقَ وَإِنْ رَخُصَتْ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. وَلَا بِالَّذِي يُوجِبُ عَلَيْهِ قَطْعًا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ أَخَذَهَا إِنْ غَلَتْ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the evidence for this is that when a thief steals someone's property, its value will be assessed according to the day of the theft, and then his hand will be cut off; otherwise, it will not. If there is a delay in cutting off his hand and the value of that item increases or decreases, that will not be taken into consideration.
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ، يَقُولُ : " كَانَتْ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ فَارَقَهَا، فَجَاءَ عُمَرُ قُبَاءً فَوَجَدَ ابْنَهُ عَاصِمًا يَلْعَبُ بِفِنَاءِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَأَخَذَ بِعَضُدِهِ فَوَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى الدَّابَّةِ، فَأَدْرَكَتْهُ جَدَّةُ الْغُلَامِ فَنَازَعَتْهُ إِيَّاهُ، حَتَّى أَتَيَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : ابْنِي . وَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ : ابْنِي . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : " خَلِّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ " . قَالَ : فَمَا رَاجَعَهُ عُمَرُ الْكَلَامَ . قَالَ : وَسَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا، يَقُولُ : وَهَذَا الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي آخُذُ بِهِ فِي ذَلِكَ
Yahya ibn Sa'id narrated that he heard from Qasim ibn Muhammad, who said: There was an Ansari woman with Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and from her a boy was born whose name was Asim ibn Umar. Then Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) separated from that woman and came to the Mosque of Quba. There he found Asim playing with the boys in the courtyard of the mosque. Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) took hold of his arm and mounted him on his animal. The boy’s maternal grandmother, seeing this, argued with him and demanded her boy. Then both of them came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: He is my son. The woman said: He is my child. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him): Leave the boy and give him to his grandmother. Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) remained silent and did not argue further.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The practice is according to this hadith.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The practice is according to this hadith.
