موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الرهونBook: On the Explanation of Pledges (Mortgages)
بَابُ الْأَمْرِ بِالْوَصِيَّةِ
Command to Make a Will
Hadith 1468
حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ : " مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصَى فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ، إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ عِنْدَهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not appropriate for a Muslim man who has something or a matter in which making a will is necessary, to spend two nights without having his will written."
Hadith 1468B1
قَالَ مَالِك : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، أَنَّ الْمُوصِيَ إِذَا أَوْصَى فِي صِحَّتِهِ أَوْ مَرَضِهِ بِوَصِيَّةٍ، فِيهَا عَتَاقَةُ رَقِيقٍ مِنْ رَقِيقِهِ أَوْ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّهُ يُغَيِّرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا بَدَا لَهُ، وَيَصْنَعُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا شَاءَ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ، وَإِنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَطْرَحَ تِلْكَ الْوَصِيَّةَ وَيُبْدِلَهَا فَعَلَ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُدَبِّرَ مَمْلُوكًا، فَإِنْ دَبَّرَ فَلَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى تَغْيِيرِ مَا دَبَّرَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ : " مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصَى فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ، إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ عِنْدَهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ " .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is unanimous that if a person makes a bequest, whether in health or illness, such as freeing a slave or any other bequest, he can alter or change it up until his death. It is also possible for him to completely revoke that bequest and make another one. However, if he has already made a slave a mudabbar, then he cannot revoke the tadbeer, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "It is not appropriate for a Muslim who has something to bequeath, that he should spend two nights without having his bequest written down."
Hadith 1468B2
قَالَ مَالِك : فَلَوْ كَانَ الْمُوصِي لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى تَغْيِيرِ وَصِيَّتِهِ، وَلَا مَا ذُكِرَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْعَتَاقَةِ، كَانَ كُلُّ مُوصٍ قَدْ حَبَسَ مَالَهُ الَّذِي أَوْصَى فِيهِ مِنَ الْعَتَاقَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا، وَقَدْ يُوصِي الرَّجُلُ فِي صِحَّتِهِ وَعِنْدَ سَفَرِهِ۔
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the testator were not able to change his bequest, then it would be necessary that the wealth of every person making a bequest would be taken out of his control and held back, whereas this is not the case. Sometimes a man makes a bequest while he is healthy, and sometimes when he is about to travel.
Hadith 1468B3
قَالَ مَالِك : فَالْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ، أَنَّهُ يُغَيِّرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا شَاءَ غَيْرَ التَّدْبِيرِ۔
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, every will can be changed except for tadbeer.
