موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الرهونBook: On the Explanation of Pledges (Mortgages)
بَابُ الِاعْتِصَارِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ
Withholding in Charity
Hadith 1456Q1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ، أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى ابْنِهِ بِصَدَقَةٍ قَبَضَهَا الِابْنُ. أَوْ كَانَ فِي حَجْرِ أَبِيهِ فَأَشْهَدَ لَهُ عَلَى صَدَقَتِهِ. فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ. لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَرْجِعُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, there is no difference of opinion in this matter: if a father gives something to his son as charity, and the son takes possession of it, or if the son is of a young age, in the father's lap, and the father makes witnesses over the charity, then it is not permissible for the father to take it back, because it is not permissible to take back anything given as charity.
Hadith 1456Q2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَنْ نَحَلَ وَلَدَهُ نُحْلًا، أَوْ أَعْطَاهُ عَطَاءً لَيْسَ بِصَدَقَةٍ. إِنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ ذَلِكَ. مَا لَمْ يَسْتَحْدِثِ الْوَلَدُ دَيْنًا يُدَايِنُهُ النَّاسُ بِهِ. وَيَأْمَنُونَهُ عَلَيْهِ. مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ الْعَطَاءِ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ أَبُوهُ. فَلَيْسَ لِأَبِيهِ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا، بَعْدَ أَنْ تَكُونَ عَلَيْهِ الدُّيُونُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is based on consensus, that if a person gives something to his son out of love, and not as charity, then he can take it back, as long as the son has not started dealing based on the ownership of that property, and people have not started lending him money relying on that property. But when this happens, then he cannot take it back.
Hadith 1456Q3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : أَوْ يُعْطِي الرَّجُلُ ابْنَهُ أَوِ ابْنَتَهُ. فَتَنْكِحُ الْمَرْأَةُ الرَّجُلَ. وَإِنَّمَا تَنْكِحُهُ لِغِنَاهُ. وَلِلْمَالِ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ أَبُوهُ. فَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ ذَلِكَ الْأَبُ. أَوْ يَتَزَوَّجُ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ قَدْ نَحَلَهَا أَبُوهَا النُّحْلَ. إِنَّمَا يَتَزَوَّجُهَا وَيَرْفَعُ فِي صِدَاقِهَا لِغِنَاهَا وَمَالِهَا. وَمَا أَعْطَاهَا أَبُوهَا. ثُمَّ يَقُولُ الْأَبُ : أَنَا أَعْتَصِرُ ذَلِكَ. فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ مِنِ ابْنِهِ وَلَا مِنِ ابْنَتِهِ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ. إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ لَكَ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person gives a gift to his son and a woman marries that son because he has become wealthy by receiving the property as a gift, or if a person gives a gift to his daughter, and then a man marries her with the thought of that property, then now the father cannot take back (the gift).
