موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب الرهونBook: On the Explanation of Pledges (Mortgages)
بَابُ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ مِنَ النُّحْلِ
Chapter on What is Not Permissible in Gifts
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Hadith 1452
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ، وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ أَنَّهُمَا حَدَّثَاهُ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : إِنَّ أَبَاهُ بَشِيرًا أَتَى بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي نَحَلْتُ ابْنِي هَذَا غُلَامًا كَانَ لِي . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَكُلَّ وَلَدِكَ نَحَلْتَهُ مِثْلَ هَذَا ؟ " فَقَالَ : لَا . قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَارْتَجِعْهُ "
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Nu'man bin Bashir (may Allah be pleased with him) that my father took me to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)! I have gifted this son of mine a slave. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Have you given all your sons a slave like this?" He replied: No. So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Take back your gift."
Hadith 1453
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ كَانَ نَحَلَهَا جَادَّ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ مَالِهِ بِالْغَابَةِ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ، قَالَ : " وَاللَّهِ يَا بُنَيَّةُ، مَا مِنَ النَّاسِ أَحَدٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ غِنًى بَعْدِي مِنْكِ، وَلَا أَعَزُّ عَلَيَّ فَقْرًا بَعْدِي مِنْكِ، وَإِنِّي كُنْتُ نَحَلْتُكِ جَادَّ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا، فَلَوْ كُنْتِ جَدَدْتِيهِ وَاحْتَزْتِيهِ كَانَ لَكِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ الْيَوْمَ مَالُ وَارِثٍ، وَإِنَّمَا هُمَا أَخَوَاكِ وَأُخْتَاكِ، فَاقْتَسِمُوهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ " . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَبَتِ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا لَتَرَكْتُهُ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَسْمَاءُ فَمَنِ الْأُخْرَى ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : " ذُو بَطْنِ بِنْتِ خَارِجَةَ أُرَاهَا جَارِيَةً "
It is narrated from Umm al-Mu'mineen Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that her father, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), had gifted her date palm trees from his garden in Ghaba (Ghaba is a place on the road to Syria), from which twenty wasq of dates were produced. When Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was about to pass away, he said: O daughter! There is no person whose being wealthy after me I like more than you, and there is no person whose being poor after me I dislike more than you. I had gifted you date palm trees yielding twenty wasq of dates; if you had cut the dates from those trees and taken possession of them, they would have become your property. Now, all of that is the property of the heirs. And who are the heirs? Two brothers of yours (Abdur Rahman and Muhammad) and two sisters. So, divide it according to the Book of Allah. Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O my father, by Allah! Even if it were a great wealth, I would have left it, but I am surprised (one sister is my own, Asma), who is the other sister? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: She is the one in the womb of (Habibah) bint Kharijah; I think she will be a girl.
Hadith 1454
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَنْ أَعْطَى أَحَدًا عَطِيَّةً لَا يُرِيدُ ثَوَابَهَا، فَأَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهَا. فَإِنَّهَا ثَابِتَةٌ لِلَّذِي أُعْطِيَهَا. إِلَّا أَنْ يَمُوتَ الْمُعْطِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهَا الَّذِي أُعْطِيَهَا. قَالَ : وَإِنْ أَرَادَ الْمُعْطِي إِمْسَاكَهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ أَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهَا. فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ. إِذَا قَامَ عَلَيْهِ بِهَا صَاحِبُهَا، أَخَذَهَا. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person gives something to someone for reward, does not want anything in return, and makes people witnesses to it, then it will be executed, except if the giver dies before the recipient takes possession. If the giver wants to keep it after giving it, this is not permissible; the recipient can forcibly take it from him whenever he wishes.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمَنْ أَعْطَى عَطِيَّةً. ثُمَّ نَكَلَ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهَا. فَجَاءَ الَّذِي أُعْطِيَهَا بِشَاهِدٍ يَشْهَدُ لَهُ أَنَّهُ أَعْطَاهُ ذَلِكَ. عَرْضًا كَانَ أَوْ ذَهَبًا أَوْ وَرِقًا أَوْ حَيَوَانًا. أُحْلِفَ الَّذِي أُعْطِيَ مَعَ شَهَادَةِ شَاهِدِهِ. فَإِنْ أَبَى الَّذِي أُعْطِيَ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ، حُلِّفَ الْمُعْطِي. وَإِنْ أَبَى أَنْ يَحْلِفَ أَيْضًا، أَدَّى إِلَى الْمُعْطَى مَا ادَّعَى عَلَيْهِ. إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ شَاهِدٌ وَاحِدٌ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَاهِدٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if Zaid gave something to Amr for the sake of Allah, and after that Zaid died, and Amr brought one witness, then Amr will have to take an oath. If he takes the oath, then with one testimony and one oath, that thing will be given to Amr. If Amr refuses to take the oath, then an oath will be taken from Zaid. If Zaid refuses to take the oath, then that thing will have to be given, when Amr has at least one witness. If there is not even one witness, then Amr's claim alone will not be heard.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : مَنْ أَعْطَى عَطِيَّةً لَا يُرِيدُ ثَوَابَهَا ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْمُعْطَى، فَوَرَثَتُهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ، وَإِنْ مَاتَ الْمُعْطِي، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ الْمُعْطَى عَطِيَّتَهُ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ أُعْطِيَ عَطَاءً لَمْ يَقْبِضْهُ. فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الْمُعْطِي أَنْ يُمْسِكَهَا، وَقَدْ أَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهَا حِينَ أَعْطَاهَا، فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، إِذَا قَامَ صَاحِبُهَا أَخَذَهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person gives something for the sake of Allah, and then the recipient dies before taking possession, then his heirs will take his place. If the giver dies before the recipient takes possession, then the recipient will not receive anything, because due to the lack of possession, the gift becomes void. If the giver withholds it and there are no witnesses to the gift, then it is not permissible. When the recipient stands to take it, he may take it.
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ : " مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَنْحَلُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ نُحْلًا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُونَهَا، فَإِنْ مَاتَ ابْنُ أَحَدِهِمْ، قَالَ : مَا لِي بِيَدِي لَمْ أُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا، وَإِنْ مَاتَ هُوَ، قَالَ : هُوَ لِابْنِي قَدْ كُنْتُ أَعْطَيْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ، مَنْ نَحَلَ نِحْلَةً فَلَمْ يَحُزْهَا الَّذِي نُحِلَهَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ إِنْ مَاتَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ فَهِيَ بَاطِلٌ "
It is narrated from Abdur Rahman bin Abd al-Qari that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: What is the matter with people that they give gifts to their sons and then take them back? If the son dies, they say: My wealth is in my possession, I have not given it to anyone. If the father dies, he says: That belongs to my son, I have already given it to him as a gift. Whoever gives a gift and does not make it effective, that is, the one to whom it is given does not take possession of it in such a way that when the recipient dies, it passes to his heirs, then that gift is invalid.
