موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الرهونBook: On the Explanation of Pledges (Mortgages)
بَابُ الْقَضَاءِ فِي مِيرَاثِ الْوَلَدِ الْمُسْتَلْحَقِ
Chapter of Judgement Regarding Inheritance of an Attributed Child
Hadith 1438Q1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، فِي الرَّجُلِ يَهْلِكُ وَلَهُ بَنُونَ. فَيَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمْ : قَدْ أَقَرَّ أَبِي أَنَّ فُلَانًا ابْنُهُ : إِنَّ ذَلِكَ النَّسَبَ لَا يَثْبُتُ بِشَهَادَةِ إِنْسَانٍ وَاحِدٍ. وَلَا يَجُوزُ إِقْرَارُ الَّذِي أَقَرَّ إِلَّا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ فِي حِصَّتِهِ مِنْ مَالِ أَبِيهِ. يُعْطَى الَّذِي شَهِدَ لَهُ قَدْرَ مَا يُصِيبُهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon: If a man dies and leaves behind several sons, and one of the sons says, "My father said that such-and-such person is my son," then the lineage will not be established by the statement of one person, and he will not receive anything from the shares of the heirs. However, he will receive from the share of the one who made the acknowledgment.
Hadith 1438Q2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَهْلِكَ الرَّجُلُ، وَيَتْرُكَ ابْنَيْنِ لَهُ، وَيَتْرُكَ سِتَّمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، فَيَأْخُذُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، ثُمَّ يَشْهَدُ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَّ أَبَاهُ الْهَالِكَ أَقَرَّ أَنَّ فُلَانًا ابْنُهُ. فَيَكُونُ عَلَى الَّذِي شَهِدَ لِلَّذِي اسْتُلْحِقَ، مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ. وَذَلِكَ نِصْفُ مِيرَاثِ الْمُسْتَلْحَقِ، لَوْ لَحِقَ. وَلَوْ أَقَرَّ لَهُ الْآخَرُ أَخَذَ الْمِائَةَ الْأُخْرَى. فَاسْتَكْمَلَ حَقَّهُ وَثَبَتَ نَسَبُهُ. وَهُوَ أَيْضًا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ تُقِرُّ بِالدَّيْنِ عَلَى أَبِيهَا أَوْ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا. وَيُنْكِرُ ذَلِكَ الْوَرَثَةُ، فَعَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَدْفَعَ إِلَى الَّذِي أَقَرَّتْ لَهُ بِالدَّيْنِ قَدْرَ الَّذِي يُصِيبُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الدَّيْنِ. لَوْ ثَبَتَ عَلَى الْوَرَثَةِ كُلِّهِمْ. إِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً وَرِثَتِ الثُّمُنَ، دَفَعَتْ إِلَى الْغَرِيمِ ثُمُنَ دَيْنِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةً وَرِثَتِ النِّصْفَ، دَفَعَتْ إِلَى الْغَرِيمِ نِصْفَ دَيْنِهِ. عَلَى حِسَابِ هَذَا يَدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَقَرَّ لَهُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that its explanation is as follows: A man dies and leaves behind two sons and six hundred dinars. Each son takes three hundred dinars. Then one son says that my father had acknowledged that such-and-such person is my brother. So he should give him one hundred dinars from his own share, because one heir acknowledged and the other did not, so he will get half the share. If the other had also acknowledged, then he would have received the full share, that is, two hundred dinars, and the lineage would have been established. Its example is that a woman acknowledges a debt upon her father or husband, and the rest of the heirs deny it, so she should pay the debt from her own share accordingly.
Hadith 1438Q3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِنْ شَهِدَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا شَهِدَتْ بِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ أَنَّ لِفُلَانٍ عَلَى أَبِيهِ دَيْنًا. أُحْلِفَ صَاحِبُ الدَّيْنِ مَعَ شَهَادَةِ شَاهِدِهِ. وَأُعْطِيَ الْغَرِيمُ حَقَّهُ كُلَّهُ. وَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ. لِأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ. وَيَكُونُ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الدَّيْنِ، مَعَ شَهَادَةِ شَاهِدِهِ، أَنْ يَحْلِفَ. وَيَأْخُذَ حَقَّهُ كُلَّهُ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَحْلِفْ أَخَذَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ الَّذِي أَقَرَّ لَهُ، قَدْرَ مَا يُصِيبُهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الدَّيْنِ. لِأَنَّهُ أَقَرَّ بِحَقِّهِ. وَأَنْكَرَ الْوَرَثَةُ. وَجَازَ عَلَيْهِ إِقْرَارُهُ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if even one man is a witness to the creditor’s debt, then after making him take an oath, the full debt will be paid to him from the estate. Because when one man is a witness and the claimant also takes an oath, the claim is established. However, if the creditor does not take an oath, then he will receive the debt only according to the share of the heir who acknowledges it.
