موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الشفعةBook: On the Explanation of Preemption (Shuf'ah)
بَابُ مَا لَا تَقَعُ فِيهِ الشُّفْعَةُ
Chapter on what is not subject to pre-emption (shuf‘ah)
Hadith 1411
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ، قَالَ : " إِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَلَا شُفْعَةَ فِيهَا، وَلَا شُفْعَةَ فِي بِئْرٍ وَلَا فِي فَحْلِ النَّخْلِ " .
Abu Bakr bin Hazm narrates that Sayyiduna Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, said: When boundaries have been established in the land, then there is no pre-emption (shuf‘a) in it, and there is no pre-emption in a well nor in a male date-palm tree.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: According to us, this is the ruling.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: According to us, this is the ruling.
Hadith 1411B1
قَالَ مَالِك : وَعَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا . قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَا شُفْعَةَ فِي طَرِيقٍ صَلُحَ الْقَسْمُ فِيهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَصْلُحْ . قَالَ مَالِك : وَالْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّهُ لَا شُفْعَةَ فِي عَرْصَةِ دَارٍ صَلُحَ الْقَسْمُ فِيهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَصْلُحْ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that there is no pre-emption (shuf‘ah) in a pathway, whether it is divisible or not.
Hadith 1411B2
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى شِقْصًا مِنْ أَرْضٍ مُشْتَرَكَةٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُ فِيهَا بِالْخِيَارِ، فَأَرَادَ شُرَكَاءُ الْبَائِعِ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا مَا بَاعَ شَرِيكُهُمْ بِالشُّفْعَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْتَارَ الْمُشْتَرِي : إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ حَتَّى يَأْخُذَ الْمُشْتَرِي وَيَثْبُتَ لَهُ الْبَيْعُ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَ لَهُ الْبَيْعُ فَلَهُمُ الشُّفْعَةُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that similarly, when the rooms of a house are divided, then there will be no right of pre-emption in its courtyard, whether it is suitable for division or not.
Hadith 1411B3
. وَقَالَ مَالِك، فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي أَرْضًا فَتَمْكُثُ فِي يَدَيْهِ حِينًا، ثُمَّ يَأْتِي رَجُلٌ فَيُدْرِكُ فِيهَا حَقًّا بِمِيرَاثٍ : إِنَّ لَهُ الشُّفْعَةَ إِنْ ثَبَتَ حَقُّهُ، وَإِنَّ مَا أَغَلَّتِ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ غَلَّةٍ فَهِيَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي الْأَوَّلِ إِلَى يَوْمِ يَثْبُتُ حَقُّ الْآخَرِ، لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ ضَمِنَهَا لَوْ هَلَكَ مَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنْ غِرَاسٍ أَوْ ذَهَبَ بِهِ سَيْلٌ، قَالَ : فَإِنْ طَالَ الزَّمَانُ أَوْ هَلَكَ الشُّهُودُ أَوْ مَاتَ الْبَائِعُ أَوِ الْمُشْتَرِي أَوْ هُمَا حَيَّانِ، فَنُسِيَ أَصْلُ الْبَيْعِ وَالِاشْتِرَاءِ لِطُولِ الزَّمَانِ، فَإِنَّ الشُّفْعَةَ تَنْقَطِعُ وَيَأْخُذُ حَقَّهُ الَّذِي ثَبَتَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ فِي حَدَاثَةِ الْعَهْدِ وَقُرْبِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ يَرَى أَنَّ الْبَائِعَ غَيَّبَ الثَّمَنَ وَأَخْفَاهُ لِيَقْطَعَ بِذَلِكَ حَقَّ صَاحِبِ الشُّفْعَةِ، قُوِّمَتِ الْأَرْضُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يُرَى أَنَّهُ ثَمَنُهَا فَيَصِيرُ ثَمَنُهَا إِلَى ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى مَا زَادَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ بِنَاءٍ أَوْ غِرَاسٍ أَوْ عِمَارَةٍ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَى مَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ مَنِ ابْتَاعَ الْأَرْضَ بِثَمَنٍ مَعْلُومٍ، ثُمَّ بَنَى فِيهَا وَغَرَسَ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَهَا صَاحِبُ الشُّفْعَةِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the buyer purchases a portion of land with the condition of option (khiyar), then the pre-emptor (shafi’) will not have the right of pre-emption until the buyer’s option is completed and he takes it definitively.
Hadith 1411B4
قَالَ مَالِك : وَالشُّفْعَةُ ثَابِتَةٌ فِي مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ كَمَا هِيَ فِي مَالِ الْحَيِّ، فَإِنْ خَشِيَ أَهْلُ الْمَيِّتِ أَنْ يَنْكَسِرَ مَالُ الْمَيِّتِ قَسَمُوهُ، ثُمَّ بَاعُوهُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ شُفْعَةٌ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys land and remains in possession of it for a period, and afterwards another person proves his right in that land, then he will be entitled to pre-emption (shuf‘a), and whatever benefit has been derived from the land will belong to the buyer up to the date his right was established, because the buyer was the guarantor of that land if it had been destroyed or its trees had perished. If a long time has passed, or the witnesses have died, or the seller and buyer have died, or they are alive but have forgotten the sale due to the passage of much time, then in this case the person will get his right but will not be entitled to claim pre-emption. If not much time has passed and it becomes known to the person that the seller deliberately concealed the sale in order to invalidate the pre-emption, then the person may pay the price of the original land and the value of whatever has increased in it, and take the pre-emption.
Hadith 1411B5
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَا شُفْعَةَ عِنْدَنَا فِي عَبْدٍ وَلَا وَلِيدَةٍ، وَلَا بَعِيرٍ وَلَا بَقَرَةٍ وَلَا شَاةٍ وَلَا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ، وَلَا فِي ثَوْبٍ وَلَا فِي بِئْرٍ لَيْسَ لَهَا بَيَاضٌ، إِنَّمَا الشُّفْعَةُ فِيمَا يَصْلُحُ أَنَّهُ يَنْقَسِمُ وَتَقَعُ فِيهِ الْحُدُودُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، فَأَمَّا مَا لَا يَصْلُحُ فِيهِ الْقَسْمُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ فِيهِ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that just as there is pre-emption (shuf‘ah) in the property of a living person, likewise there is pre-emption in the property of a deceased person. However, if the heirs of the deceased divide his property and then sell it, there will be no pre-emption in that.
Hadith 1411B6
. قَالَ مَالِك : وَمَنِ اشْتَرَى أَرْضًا فِيهَا شُفْعَةٌ لِنَاسٍ حُضُورٍ، فَلْيَرْفَعْهُمْ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَسْتَحِقُّوا، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ لَهُ السُّلْطَانُ، فَإِنْ تَرَكَهُمْ فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ أَمْرَهُمْ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ وَقَدْ عَلِمُوا بِاشْتِرَائِهِ فَتَرَكُوا ذَلِكَ حَتَّى طَالَ زَمَانُهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءُوا يَطْلُبُونَ شُفْعَتَهُمْ، فَلَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, there is no right of pre-emption (shuf‘ah) in slaves, slave-girls, camels, cows, goats, animals, or clothes, nor in a well that does not have land with it, because shuf‘ah is in land that is capable of being divided and has boundaries. Anything that is not of the type of land does not have shuf‘ah in it.
Hadith 1411B7
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys land in which people have the right of pre-emption, he should take the pre-emptors to the ruler, so that they may either take the pre-emption or leave it. If the buyer did not take the pre-emptors to the ruler, but they came to know about the purchase and did not claim the right of pre-emption within the prescribed period, and claimed it after that, it will not be heard.
