موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الشفعةBook: On the Explanation of Preemption (Shuf'ah)
بَابُ مَا تَقَعُ فِيهِ الشُّفْعَةُ
Chapter on what is subject to pre-emption (shuf‘ah)
Hadith 1408
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَعَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " قَضَى بِالشُّفْعَةِ فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ فِيهِ " . قَالَ مَالِك : وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ الَّتِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهَا عِنْدَنَا
It is narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib and Abu Salamah bin 'Abdur Rahman that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered the right of pre-emption (shuf'ah) in that property among partners which has not been divided. When it is divided and boundaries are established, then there is no right of pre-emption in it.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This is the ruling according to us, and there is no difference of opinion in it.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This is the ruling according to us, and there is no difference of opinion in it.
Hadith 1409
عَنْ مَالِكٌ إِنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ سُئِلَ عَنِ الشُّفْعَةِ هَلْ فِيهَا مِنْ سُنَّةٍ؟ فَقَالَ : نَعَمِ الشُّفْعَةُ فِي الدُّورِ وَالْأَرَضِينَ، وَلَا تَكُونُ إِلَّا بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ.
Hazrat Saeed bin Musayyib was asked about the ruling regarding pre-emption (shuf‘ah). He said: Pre-emption applies to houses and land, and the right of pre-emption belongs only to a partner.
Hadith 1410
عَنْ مَالِكٌ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ. ¤
Sulayman ibn Yasar said the same.
Hadith 1410B1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى شِقْصًا مَعَ قَوْمٍ فِي أَرْضٍ بِحَيَوَانٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْعُرُوضِ، فَجَاءَ الشَّرِيكُ يَأْخُذُ بِشُفْعَتِهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَوَجَدَ الْعَبْدَ أَوِ الْوَلِيدَةَ قَدْ هَلَكَا، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَحَدٌ قَدْرَ قِيمَتِهِمَا، فَيَقُولُ الْمُشْتَرِي قِيمَةُ الْعَبْدِ أَوِ الْوَلِيدَةِ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ، وَيَقُولُ صَاحِبُ الشُّفْعَةِ الشَّرِيكُ بَلْ قِيمَتُهُمَا خَمْسُونَ دِينَارًا، قَالَ مَالِكٌ : يَحْلِفُ الْمُشْتَرِي أَنَّ قِيمَةَ مَا اشْتَرَى بِهِ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ، ثُمَّ إِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ صَاحِبُ الشُّفْعَةِ، أَخَذَ أَوْ يَتْرُكَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَ الشَّفِيعُ بِبَيِّنَةٍ، أَنَّ قِيمَةَ الْعَبْدِ أَوِ الْوَلِيدَةِ دُونَ مَا قَالَ الْمُشْتَرِي. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys a share of jointly owned land in exchange for an animal or a slave, and then the other partner claims the right of pre-emption from the buyer, but the animal or slave has perished and its price is not known. The buyer says: Its price was one hundred dinars, and the pre-emptor says: It was fifty dinars, then the buyer will be made to swear an oath that the price of the animal or slave was one hundred dinars. After that, the pre-emptor will have the choice: if he wishes, he may take that share of the land by giving one hundred dinars, or he may leave it. However, if the pre-emptor brings witnesses that the price of the animal or slave was fifty dinars, then his statement will be accepted.
Hadith 1410B2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : مَنْ وَهَبَ شِقْصًا فِي دَارٍ، أَوْ أَرْضٍ مُشْتَرَكَةٍ، فَأَثَابَهُ الْمَوْهُوبُ لَهُ بِهَا نَقْدًا أَوْ عَرْضًا، فَإِنَّ الشُّرَكَاءَ يَأْخُذُونَهَا بِالشُّفْعَةِ إِنْ شَاءُوا، وَيَدْفَعُونَ إِلَى الْمَوْهُوبِ لَهُ قِيمَةَ مَثُوبَتِهِ دَنَانِيرَ أَوْ دَرَاهِمَ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person gifted a share of his joint house or joint land to someone, and the recipient of the gift gave the giver some cash or an item in return, then the other partner(s) may take pre-emption by giving the recipient of the gift the same amount of cash or the value of that item.
Hadith 1410B3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : مَنْ وَهَبَ هِبَةً فِي دَارٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ مُشْتَرَكَةٍ. فَلَمْ يُثَبْ مِنْهَا، وَلَمْ يَطْلُبْهَا. فَأَرَادَ شَرِيكُهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهَا بِقِيمَتِهَا، فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ. مَا لَمْ يُثَبْ عَلَيْهَا، فَإِنْ أُثِيبَ، فَهُوَ لِلشَّفِيعِ بِقِيمَةِ الثَّوَابِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person gifted his share in joint land or a joint house, but the recipient of the gift did not give anything in return, then the neighbor (shafi’) will not have the right of pre-emption (shuf‘a). When the recipient gives something in return, then the neighbor may take pre-emption by giving the recipient the value of that compensation.
Hadith 1410B4
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى شِقْصًا فِي أَرْضٍ مُشْتَرَكَةٍ، بِثَمَنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ. فَأَرَادَ الشَّرِيكُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهَا بِالشُّفْعَةِ، قَالَ مَالِكٌ : إِنْ كَانَ مَلِيًّا، فَلَهُ الشُّفْعَةُ بِذَلِكَ الثَّمَنِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْأَجَلِ. وَإِنْ كَانَ مَخُوفًا أَنْ لَا يُؤَدِّيَ الثَّمَنَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْأَجَلِ، فَإِذَا جَاءَهُمْ بِحَمِيلٍ مَلِيٍّ ثِقَةٍ مِثْلِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ الشِّقْصَ فِي الْأَرْضِ الْمُشْتَرَكَةِ، فَذَلِكَ لَهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys a share from joint land on a promise, and now the partner claims pre-emption, if he is wealthy, he will take it for the same price and on the same promise. If he is not trusted to pay the price on promise, then when he brings in a trustworthy guarantor who is equal to the buyer, he will take the pre-emption.
Hadith 1410B5
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَا تَقْطَعُ شُفْعَةَ الْغَائِبِ غَيْبَتُهُ، وَإِنْ طَالَتْ غَيْبَتُهُ. وَلَيْسَ لِذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا حَدٌّ تُقْطَعُ إِلَيْهِ الشُّفْعَةُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the pre-emptor is absent at the time of sale, his right of pre-emption will not be invalidated, no matter how much time passes.
Hadith 1410B6
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوَرِّثُ الْأَرْضَ نَفَرًا مِنْ وَلَدِهِ، ثُمَّ يُولَدُ لِأَحَدِ النَّفَرِ ثُمَّ يَهْلِكُ الْأَبُ، فَيَبِيعُ أَحَدُ وَلَدِ الْمَيِّتِ حَقَّهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَرْضِ، فَإِنَّ أَخَا الْبَائِعِ أَحَقُّ بِشُفْعَتِهِ مِنْ عُمُومَتِهِ شُرَكَاءِ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that Zaid died and left a piece of land; Amr and Bakr, his sons, inherited this land. Now Amr died leaving two sons, Salim and Nasir. The portion of land belonging to Amr became jointly owned by Salim and Nasir. If Salim sold his share, the right of pre-emption would go to Nasir, not to Bakr.
Hadith 1410B7
قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الشُّفْعَةُ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ عَلَى قَدْرِ حِصَصِهِمْ، يَأْخُذُ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ بِقَدْرِ نَصِيبِهِ، إِنْ كَانَ قَلِيلًا فَقَلِيلًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَثِيرًا فَبِقَدْرِهِ، وَذَلِكَ إِنْ تَشَاحُّوا فِيهَا. قَالَ مَالِكٌ: فَأَمَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ شُرَكَائِهِ حَقَّهُ، فَيَقُولُ أَحَدُ الشُّرَكَاءِ : أَنَا آخُذُ مِنَ الشُّفْعَةِ بِقَدْرِ حِصَّتِي، وَيَقُولُ الْمُشْتَرِي : إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ الشُّفْعَةَ كُلَّهَا أَسْلَمْتُهَا إِلَيْكَ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَدَعَ فَدَعْ، فَإِنَّ الْمُشْتَرِيَ إِذَا خَيَّرَهُ فِي هَذَا، وَأَسْلَمَهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَيْسَ لِلشَّفِيعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الشُّفْعَةَ كُلَّهَا، أَوْ يُسْلِمَهَا إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ أَخَذَهَا فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا، وَإِلَّا فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys land and plants trees in it, or digs a well, and then another person comes claiming the right of pre-emption for that land, he will not be granted pre-emption until he also pays the price of the buyer’s well and trees.
Hadith 1410B8
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الْأَرْضَ فَيَعْمُرُهَا بِالْأَصْلِ يَضَعُهُ فِيهَا، أَوِ الْبِئْرِ يَحْفِرُهَا، ثُمَّ يَأْتِي رَجُلٌ فَيُدْرِكُ فِيهَا حَقًّا، فَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهَا بِالشُّفْعَةِ، إِنَّهُ لَا شُفْعَةَ لَهُ فِيهَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَةَ مَا عَمَرَ، فَإِنْ أَعْطَاهُ قِيمَةَ مَا عَمَرَ كَانَ أَحَقَّ بِالشُّفْعَةِ، وَإِلَّا فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُ فِيهَا. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person sells his share from a jointly owned house or land, and when the seller comes to know that the pre-emptor (shafi’) will take his right of pre-emption, he cancels the sale, then in this case the right of pre-emption of the shafi’ will not be nullified. Rather, by giving the same amount for which that share was sold, he will take that share.
Hadith 1410B9
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : مَنْ بَاعَ حِصَّتَهُ مِنْ أَرْضٍ أَوْ دَارٍ مُشْتَرَكَةٍ، فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ أَنَّ صَاحِبَ الشُّفْعَةِ يَأْخُذُ بِالشُّفْعَةِ، اسْتَقَالَ الْمُشْتَرِيَ، فَأَقَالَهُ. قَالَ : لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ. وَالشَّفِيعُ أَحَقُّ بِهَا بِالثَّمَنِ الَّذِي كَانَ بَاعَهَا بِهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys a share of a jointly owned house or land, and an animal, and some goods, all in a single contract, then if the pre-emptor (shafi’) demands his share or pre-emption in that land or house, and the buyer says: “Take all the things I have bought, because I have bought them all in one contract,” then the pre-emptor will take his pre-emption in the land or house in such a way that the price of each item will be assessed separately, and then the total price will be divided proportionally according to each item's value. The portion of the price that corresponds to the value of the land or house will be given to the buyer, and the pre-emptor will take that share of the land or house. It is not necessary for him to also take the animal and the goods, but if he wishes to take them willingly, there is no objection.
Hadith 1410B10
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : مَنِ اشْتَرَى شِقْصًا فِي دَارٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ. وَحَيَوَانًا وَعُرُوضًا فِي صَفْقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ. فَطَلَبَ الشَّفِيعُ شُفْعَتَهُ فِي الدَّارِ أَوِ الْأَرْضِ، فَقَالَ الْمُشْتَرِي : خُذْ مَا اشْتَرَيْتُ جَمِيعًا. فَإِنِّي إِنَّمَا اشْتَرَيْتُهُ جَمِيعًا. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : بَلْ يَأْخُذُ الشَّفِيعُ شُفْعَتَهُ فِي الدَّارِ أَوِ الْأَرْضِ. بِحِصَّتِهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الثَّمَنِ يُقَامُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ اشْتَرَاهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى حِدَتِهِ. عَلَى الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ بِهِ. ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ الشَّفِيعُ شُفْعَتَهُ بِالَّذِي يُصِيبُهَا مِنَ الْقِيمَةِ مِنْ رَأْسِ الثَّمَنِ. وَلَا يَأْخُذُ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ وَالْعُرُوضِ شَيْئًا. إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ ذَلِكَ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys a share from jointly owned land, and all the pre-emptors except one have relinquished their claim of pre-emption, but one pre-emptor demands pre-emption, then that pre-emptor should take the entire share from the buyer; it is not permissible that he takes only according to his own share from it.
Hadith 1410B11
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمَنْ بَاعَ شِقْصًا مِنْ أَرْضٍ مُشْتَرَكَةٍ، فَسَلَّمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ لَهُ فِيهَا الشُّفْعَةُ لِلْبَائِعِ. وَأَبَى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِشُفْعَتِهِ : إِنَّ مَنْ أَبَى أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ يَأْخُذُ بِالشُّفْعَةِ كُلِّهَا. وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِقَدْرِ حَقِّهِ وَيَتْرُكَ مَا بَقِيَ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if several people are partners in a house, and one of them sells his share in the absence of all the partners except one, then the partner who is present should be asked: Do you wish to take pre-emption (shuf‘a) or not? If he says: At the moment, I will take according to my share, and when my other partners come, they will buy their shares, then good; otherwise, I will take the whole pre-emption. This is not permissible. Rather, the partner who is present should be told clearly: Either take the whole pre-emption or leave it. If he takes it, then good; otherwise, his right of pre-emption will be forfeited.
