موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المساقاةBook: On the Explanation of Musaqat (Sharecropping)
بَابُ الشَّرْطِ فِي الرَّقِيقِ فِي الْمُسَاقَاةِ
Chapter on conditions regarding slaves in musaqat (sharecropping)
Hadith 1403Q1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : إِنَّ أَحْسَنَ مَا سُمِعَ فِي عُمَّالِ الرَّقِيقِ فِي الْمُسَاقَاةِ. يَشْتَرِطُهُمُ الْمُسَاقَى عَلَى صَاحِبِ الْأَصْلِ : إِنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ. لِأَنَّهُمْ عُمَّالُ الْمَالِ. فَهُمْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَالِ. لَا مَنْفَعَةَ فِيهِمْ لِلدَّاخِلِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ تَخِفُّ عَنْهُ بِهِمُ الْمَئُونَةُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا فِي الْمَالِ اشْتَدَّتْ مَئُونَتُهُ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُسَاقَاةِ فِي الْعَيْنِ وَالنَّضْحِ. وَلَنْ تَجِدَ أَحَدًا يُسَاقَى فِي أَرْضَيْنِ سَوَاءٍ فِي الْأَصْلِ وَالْمَنْفَعَةِ. إِحْدَاهُمَا بِعَيْنٍ وَاثِنَةٍ غَزِيرَةٍ. وَالْأُخْرَى بِنَضْحٍ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَاحِدٍ، لِخِفَّةِ مُؤْنَةِ الْعَيْنِ. وَشِدَّةِ مُؤْنَةِ النَّضْحِ، قَالَ : وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ، الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا. قَالَ: وَالْوَاثِنَةُ الثَّابِتُ مَاؤُهَا الَّتِي لَا تَغُورُ وَلَا تَنْقَطِعُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the worker stipulates with the owner of the land that the slaves who were previously appointed for work should also remain appointed with me, then there is nothing objectionable in this, because there is no benefit in it for the worker; the only advantage is that by having them, the worker will have to do less labor, and if they were not there, he would have to do more labor. Its example is like one musaqat (sharecropping) being with those trees which are irrigated by springs, and another musaqat being with those trees where water has to be brought on a camel; both cannot be equal, because in one there is more labor and in the other less.
Hadith 1403Q2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَلَيْسَ لِلْمُسَاقَى أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِعُمَّالِ الْمَالِ فِي غَيْرِهِ، وَلَا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الَّذِي سَاقَاهُ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that it is not permissible for the official to take any other work from those slaves, nor to make any condition with the owner regarding it.
Hadith 1403Q3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا يَجُوزُ لِلَّذِي سَاقَى أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ رَقِيقًا يَعْمَلُ بِهِمْ فِي الْحَائِطِ. لَيْسُوا فِيهِ حِينَ سَاقَاهُ إِيَّاهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that it is not permissible for the owner of the land to set a condition to remove any of the slaves who were already appointed in the garden, but if he wishes to remove any slave, he should do so before the musaqat (sharecropping) contract. Similarly, if he wishes to include someone as a partner, he should do so before the musaqat contract, and then proceed with the musaqat.
Hadith 1403Q4
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِرَبِّ الْمَالِ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ عَلَى الَّذِي دَخَلَ فِي مَالِهِ بِمُسَاقَاةٍ، أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ رَقِيقِ الْمَالِ أَحَدًا يُخْرِجُهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ. وَإِنَّمَا مُسَاقَاةُ الْمَالِ عَلَى حَالِهِ الَّذِي هُوَ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَإِنْ كَانَ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ مِنْ رَقِيقِ الْمَالِ أَحَدًا، فَلْيُخْرِجْهُ قَبْلَ الْمُسَاقَاةِ. أَوْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُدْخِلَ فِيهِ أَحَدًا، فَلْيَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ الْمُسَاقَاةِ. ثُمَّ لِيُسَاقِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if any of the slaves of the garden dies or disappears, then the owner of the garden will have to give another slave in his place.
