موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب القراضBook: On the Explanation of Qirad (Profit-Sharing)
بَابُ جَامِعِ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْقِرَاضِ
Comprehensive Chapter on What is Reported Regarding Mudarabah Partnership
Hadith 1401Q38
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا فَابْتَاعَ بِهِ سِلْعَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ : بِعْهَا، وَقَالَ الَّذِي أَخَذَ الْمَالَ : لَا أَرَى وَجْهَ بَيْعٍ، فَاخْتَلَفَا فِي ذَلِكَ، قَالَ : لَا يُنْظَرُ إِلَى قَوْلِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، وَيُسْأَلُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَهْلُ الْمَعْرِفَةِ وَالْبَصَرِ بِتِلْكَ السِّلْعَةِ، فَإِنْ رَأَوْا وَجْهَ بَيْعٍ بِيعَتْ عَلَيْهِمَا، وَإِنْ رَأَوْا وَجْهَ انْتِظَارٍ انْتُظِرَ بِهَا. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَخَذَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ عَنْ مَالِهِ، فَقَالَ : هُوَ عِنْدِي وَافِرٌ، فَلَمَّا آخَذَهُ بِهِ، قَالَ : قَدْ هَلَكَ عِنْدِي مِنْهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا لِمَالٍ يُسَمِّيهِ، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْتُ لَكَ ذَلِكَ لِكَيْ تَتْرُكَهُ عِنْدِي، قَالَ : لَا يَنْتَفِعُ بِإِنْكَارِهِ بَعْدَ إِقْرَارِهِ أَنَّهُ عِنْدَهُ، وَيُؤْخَذُ بِإِقْرَارِهِ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَ فِي هَلَاكِ ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ بِأَمْرٍ يُعْرَفُ بِهِ قَوْلُهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِأَمْرٍ مَعْرُوفٍ أُخِذَ بِإِقْرَارِهِ، وَلَمْ يَنْفَعْهُ إِنْكَارُهُ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا لَوْ قَالَ : رَبِحْتُ فِي الْمَالِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَسَأَلَهُ رَبُّ الْمَالِ : أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَالَهُ وَرِبْحَهُ، فَقَالَ : مَا رَبِحْتُ فِيهِ شَيْئًا؟ وَمَا قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا لِأَنْ تُقِرَّهُ فِي يَدِي، فَذَلِكَ لَا يَنْفَعُهُ، وَيُؤْخَذُ بِمَا أَقَرَّ بِهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِأَمْرٍ يُعْرَفُ بِهِ قَوْلُهُ وَصِدْقُهُ، فَلَا يَلْزَمُهُ ذَلِكَ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا فَرَبِحَ فِيهِ رِبْحًا، فَقَالَ الْعَامِلُ : قَارَضْتُكَ عَلَى أَنَّ لِي الثُّلُثَيْنِ، وَقَالَ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ : قَارَضْتُكَ عَلَى أَنَّ لَكَ الثُّلُثَ، قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ الْعَامِلِ، وَعَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ، الْيَمِينُ. إِذَا كَانَ مَا قَالَ يُشْبِهُ قِرَاضَ مِثْلِهِ. وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ نَحْوًا مِمَّا يَتَقَارَضُ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ. وَإِنْ جَاءَ بِأَمْرٍ يُسْتَنْكَرُ، لَيْسَ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ يَتَقَارَضُ النَّاسُ، لَمْ يُصَدَّقْ وَرُدَّ إِلَى قِرَاضِ مِثْلِهِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْطَى رَجُلًا مِائَةَ دِينَارٍ قِرَاضًا فَاشْتَرَى بِهَا سِلْعَةً. ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ لِيَدْفَعَ إِلَى رَبِّ السِّلْعَةِ الْمِائَةَ دِينَارٍ. فَوَجَدَهَا قَدْ سُرِقَتْ. فَقَالَ رَبُّ الْمَالِ : بِعِ السِّلْعَةَ. فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا فَضْلٌ كَانَ لِي، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا نُقْصَانٌ كَانَ عَلَيْكَ. لِأَنَّكَ أَنْتَ ضَيَّعْتَ. وَقَالَ الْمُقَارَضُ : بَلْ عَلَيْكَ وَفَاءُ حَقِّ هَذَا، إِنَّمَا اشْتَرَيْتُهَا بِمَالِكَ الَّذِي أَعْطَيْتَنِي، قَالَ مَالِكٌ : يَلْزَمُ الْعَامِلَ الْمُشْتَرِيَ أَدَاءُ ثَمَنِهَا إِلَى الْبَائِعِ، وَيُقَالُ لِصَاحِبِ الْمَالِ الْقِرَاضِ : إِنْ شِئْتَ فَأَدِّ الْمِائَةَ الدِّينَارِ إِلَى الْمُقَارَضِ، وَالسِّلْعَةُ بَيْنَكُمَا. وَتَكُونُ قِرَاضًا عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمِائَةُ الْأُولَى. وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَابْرَأْ مِنَ السِّلْعَةِ، فَإِنْ دَفَعَ الْمِائَةَ دِينَارٍ إِلَى الْعَامِلِ كَانَتْ قِرَاضًا عَلَى سُنَّةِ الْقِرَاضِ الْأَوَّلِ. وَإِنْ أَبَى كَانَتِ السِّلْعَةُ لِلْعَامِلِ وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَنُهَا. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْمُتَقَارِضَيْنِ إِذَا تَفَاصَلَا فَبَقِيَ بِيَدِ الْعَامِلِ مِنَ الْمَتَاعِ الَّذِي يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ خَلَقُ الْقِرْبَةِ أَوْ خَلَقُ الثَّوْبِ أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كَانَ تَافِهًا، لَا خَطْبَ لَهُ، فَهُوَ لِلْعَامِلِ. وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا أَفْتَى بِرَدِّ ذَلِكَ. وَإِنَّمَا يُرَدُّ، مِنْ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءُ الَّذِي لَهُ ثَمَنٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا لَهُ اسْمٌ مِثْلُ الدَّابَّةِ أَوِ الْجَمَلِ أَوِ الشَّاذَكُونَةِ. أَوْ أَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَهُ ثَمَنٌ. فَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ مَا بَقِيَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ هَذَا. إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَحَلَّلَ صَاحِبَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib (working partner) bought goods and the rabb-ul-mal (investor) said, "Sell them," and the mudarib said, "It is not appropriate to sell them yet," then they should consult other traders who are skilled in this matter. If they advise selling, then sell them; otherwise, wait.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib started trading with the mudarabah capital, and then the rabb-ul-mal demanded his money, and the mudarib said, "I have the full amount," but when he went to collect it, the mudarib said, "Some of the money has been lost. Earlier, I said this so that you would leave your money with me," then the statement of the mudarib will not be accepted unless he provides evidence.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, if the mudarib said, "I have earned this much profit," but when the owner demanded the capital and profit, he said, "There was no profit," his statement will not be accepted unless he brings evidence.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib earned a profit, and then the rabb-ul-mal said, "Two shares of the profit were fixed for me and one share for you," and the mudarib said, "Two shares were fixed for me and one share for you," then the statement of the mudarib will be accepted with an oath, unless it is against the custom, in which case the ruling will be according to the custom.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that Zaid gave Amr one hundred dinars as mudarabah, and Amr bought goods in exchange for it. When he was about to pay the seller, it was found that the hundred dinars had been stolen. Now the rabb-ul-mal says, "Sell these goods; if there is profit, it is mine, and if there is loss, it is upon you, because you have lost my money." The mudarib says, "You should pay the price of these goods from your own pocket, because I bought them in exchange for your money." The ruling will be that the mudarib should pay the price of the goods to the seller, and the rabb-ul-mal will be told, "If you wish, give one hundred dinars to the mudarib again so that the mudarabah continues; otherwise, you will have no connection with these goods." If the rabb-ul-mal gives the hundred dinars again, the mudarabah will remain as it was; otherwise, the goods will belong to the mudarib.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that when the rabb-ul-mal and the mudarib separate (i.e., the mudarabah contract ends), but the mudarib still has something left from the mudarabah capital, such as a torn old water skin or a torn old cloth, if the item is of little value and insignificant, it will belong to the mudarib, and there will be no order to return it. If the item is valuable, such as an animal, a camel, or fine Yemeni cloth, then it must be returned, unless the rabb-ul-mal forgives it.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib started trading with the mudarabah capital, and then the rabb-ul-mal demanded his money, and the mudarib said, "I have the full amount," but when he went to collect it, the mudarib said, "Some of the money has been lost. Earlier, I said this so that you would leave your money with me," then the statement of the mudarib will not be accepted unless he provides evidence.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, if the mudarib said, "I have earned this much profit," but when the owner demanded the capital and profit, he said, "There was no profit," his statement will not be accepted unless he brings evidence.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib earned a profit, and then the rabb-ul-mal said, "Two shares of the profit were fixed for me and one share for you," and the mudarib said, "Two shares were fixed for me and one share for you," then the statement of the mudarib will be accepted with an oath, unless it is against the custom, in which case the ruling will be according to the custom.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that Zaid gave Amr one hundred dinars as mudarabah, and Amr bought goods in exchange for it. When he was about to pay the seller, it was found that the hundred dinars had been stolen. Now the rabb-ul-mal says, "Sell these goods; if there is profit, it is mine, and if there is loss, it is upon you, because you have lost my money." The mudarib says, "You should pay the price of these goods from your own pocket, because I bought them in exchange for your money." The ruling will be that the mudarib should pay the price of the goods to the seller, and the rabb-ul-mal will be told, "If you wish, give one hundred dinars to the mudarib again so that the mudarabah continues; otherwise, you will have no connection with these goods." If the rabb-ul-mal gives the hundred dinars again, the mudarabah will remain as it was; otherwise, the goods will belong to the mudarib.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that when the rabb-ul-mal and the mudarib separate (i.e., the mudarabah contract ends), but the mudarib still has something left from the mudarabah capital, such as a torn old water skin or a torn old cloth, if the item is of little value and insignificant, it will belong to the mudarib, and there will be no order to return it. If the item is valuable, such as an animal, a camel, or fine Yemeni cloth, then it must be returned, unless the rabb-ul-mal forgives it.
