موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب القراضBook: On the Explanation of Qirad (Profit-Sharing)
بَابُ الْمُحَاسَبَةِ فِي الْقِرَاضِ
Chapter on Accounting in Mudarabah Partnership
Hadith 1401Q33
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا. فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ فَرَبِحَ. فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ حِصَّتَهُ مِنَ الرِّبْحِ. وَصَاحِبُ الْمَالِ غَائِبٌ. قَالَ : لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِحَضْرَةِ صَاحِبِ الْمَالِ، وَإِنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ ضَامِنٌ، حَتَّى يُحْسَبَ مَعَ الْمَالِ إِذَا اقْتَسَمَاهُ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمُتَقَارِضَيْنِ أَنْ يَتَحَاسَبَا، وَيَتَفَاصَلَا وَالْمَالُ غَائِبٌ عَنْهُمَا، حَتَّى يَحْضُرَ الْمَالُ فَيَسْتَوْفِي صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ رَأْسَ مَالِهِ، ثُمَّ يَقْتَسِمَانِ الرِّبْحَ عَلَى شَرْطِهِمَا. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَخَذَ مَالًا قِرَاضًا. فَاشْتَرَى بِهِ سِلْعَةً. وَقَدْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ. فَطَلَبَهُ غُرَمَاؤُهُ، فَأَدْرَكُوهُ بِبَلَدٍ غَائِبٍ عَنْ صَاحِبِ الْمَالِ. وَفِي يَدَيْهِ عَرْضٌ مُرَبَّحٌ بَيِّنٌ فَضْلُهُ. فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يُبَاعَ لَهُمُ الْعَرْضُ فَيَأْخُذُوا حِصَّتَهُ مِنَ الرِّبْحِ، قَالَ : لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ رِبْحِ الْقِرَاضِ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى يَحْضُرَ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ فَيَأْخُذَ مَالَهُ، ثُمَّ يَقْتَسِمَانِ الرِّبْحَ عَلَى شَرْطِهِمَا. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا. فَتَجَرَ فِيهِ فَرَبِحَ. ثُمَّ عَزَلَ رَأْسَ الْمَالِ، وَقَسَمَ الرِّبْحَ. فَأَخَذَ حِصَّتَهُ، وَطَرَحَ حِصَّةَ صَاحِبِ الْمَالِ فِي الْمَالِ. بِحَضْرَةِ شُهَدَاءَ أَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. قَالَ : لَا تَجُوزُ قِسْمَةُ الرِّبْحِ إِلَّا بِحَضْرَةِ صَاحِبِ الْمَالِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا رَدَّهُ حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ رَأْسَ مَالِهِ، ثُمَّ يَقْتَسِمَانِ مَا بَقِيَ بَيْنَهُمَا عَلَى شَرْطِهِمَا. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ، فَجَاءَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ : هَذِهِ حِصَّتُكَ مِنَ الرِّبْحِ، وَقَدْ أَخَذْتُ لِنَفْسِي مِثْلَهُ، وَرَأْسُ مَالِكَ وَافِرٌ عِنْدِي، قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَا أُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَحْضُرَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ، فَيُحَاسِبَهُ حَتَّى يَحْصُلَ رَأْسُ الْمَالِ. وَيَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ وَافِرٌ. وَيَصِلَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يَقْتَسِمَانِ الرِّبْحَ بَيْنَهُمَا، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ إِلَيْهِ الْمَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ، أَوْ يَحْبِسُهُ. وَإِنَّمَا يَجِبُ حُضُورُ الْمَالِ، مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْعَامِلُ قَدْ نَقَصَ فِيهِ. فَهُوَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ لَا يُنْزَعَ مِنْهُ وَأَنْ يُقِرَّهُ فِي يَدِهِ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the mudarib (working partner) does business and earns a profit, and then in the absence of the rabb al-mal (capital provider) wishes to take his share from the profit, it is not permissible until the rabb al-mal is present. If he does take it, he will be liable for it.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: It is not permissible for the mudarib and the rabb al-mal to calculate the profit while the capital is not present; rather, the capital should be brought forth. First, the rabb al-mal should take his principal amount, then the profit should be divided according to the agreed condition.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the mudarib buys some goods and the creditors of the mudarib seize him and say that they will sell this property and take the share of profit that belongs to him, and the rabb al-mal is not present there, then this is not permissible. Rather, when the rabb al-mal is present, he should take his principal amount and then the profit should be divided.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the mudarib does business and earns a profit, then separates the principal amount and divides the profit in the presence of witnesses, this is not permissible. If he does take something, he should return it. When the rabb al-mal comes, he should take his principal amount and then the remainder should be divided.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the mudarib does business and earns a profit, then brings the share of profit belonging to the rabb al-mal and says, "This is your share of the profit, and I have also taken the same amount, and your principal amount is with me," this is not permissible. Rather, the entire capital and the principal and the profit should be brought before the owner, then he has the choice to take his principal amount and keep it, or hand it over to the mudarib.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: It is not permissible for the mudarib and the rabb al-mal to calculate the profit while the capital is not present; rather, the capital should be brought forth. First, the rabb al-mal should take his principal amount, then the profit should be divided according to the agreed condition.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the mudarib buys some goods and the creditors of the mudarib seize him and say that they will sell this property and take the share of profit that belongs to him, and the rabb al-mal is not present there, then this is not permissible. Rather, when the rabb al-mal is present, he should take his principal amount and then the profit should be divided.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the mudarib does business and earns a profit, then separates the principal amount and divides the profit in the presence of witnesses, this is not permissible. If he does take something, he should return it. When the rabb al-mal comes, he should take his principal amount and then the remainder should be divided.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the mudarib does business and earns a profit, then brings the share of profit belonging to the rabb al-mal and says, "This is your share of the profit, and I have also taken the same amount, and your principal amount is with me," this is not permissible. Rather, the entire capital and the principal and the profit should be brought before the owner, then he has the choice to take his principal amount and keep it, or hand it over to the mudarib.
