موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي إِفْلَاسِ الْغَرِيمِ
What is Reported Regarding the Bankruptcy of a Debtor
Hadith 1384
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ : " أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ بَاعَ مَتَاعًا فَأَفْلَسَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهُ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يَقْبِضْ الَّذِي بَاعَهُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ شَيْئًا فَوَجَدَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ، فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ، وَإِنْ مَاتَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهُ، فَصَاحِبُ الْمَتَاعِ فِيهِ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ "
It is narrated from Hazrat Abu Bakr bin Abdur Rahman that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "If a person sells his property to someone, and then the buyer becomes insolvent and the seller has not received the price, but the seller finds his item exactly as it was with the buyer, then the seller has more right to that item. If the buyer dies, then in that item the seller and the creditors will have equal rights."
Hadith 1385
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ : " أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَفْلَسَ فَأَدْرَكَ الرَّجُلُ مَالَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ، فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If a person sells his goods to someone, then the buyer becomes insolvent, and the seller finds his goods with the buyer in their original form, then he has a greater right to them."
Hadith 1385B1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ بَاعَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مَتَاعًا فَأَفْلَسَ الْمُبْتَاعُ، فَإِنَّ الْبَائِعَ إِذَا وَجَدَ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَتَاعِهِ بِعَيْنِهِ أَخَذَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُشْتَرِي قَدْ بَاعَ بَعْضَهُ، وَفَرَّقَهُ فَصَاحِبُ الْمَتَاعِ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنَ الْغُرَمَاءِ، لَا يَمْنَعُهُ مَا فَرَّقَ الْمُبْتَاعُ مِنْهُ، أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مَا وَجَدَ بِعَيْنِهِ، فَإِنِ اقْتَضَى مِنْ ثَمَنِ الْمُبْتَاعِ شَيْئًا فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ وَيَقْبِضَ مَا وَجَدَ مِنْ مَتَاعِهِ، وَيَكُونَ فِيمَا لَمْ يَجِدْ أُسْوَةَ الْغُرَمَاءِ فَذَلِكَ لَهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person sold some goods, then the buyer became insolvent and the seller found his goods exactly as they were with the buyer, then the seller may take them back. If the buyer has sold some of them, then the seller has more right to whatever remains than the other creditors. If the seller has received a small part of the price, then if the seller wishes to return that amount and take back whatever of his goods remain, and whatever is left after that is shared equally among the other creditors, then that is permissible.
Hadith 1385B2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمَنِ اشْتَرَى سِلْعَةً مِنَ السِّلَعِ غَزْلًا أَوْ مَتَاعًا أَوْ بُقْعَةً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ أَحْدَثَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمُشْتَرَى عَمَلًا بَنَى الْبُقْعَةَ دَارًا، أَوْ نَسَجَ الْغَزْلَ ثَوْبًا، ثُمَّ أَفْلَسَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ : رَبُّ الْبُقْعَةِ أَنَا آخُذُ الْبُقْعَةَ وَمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْبُنْيَانِ، إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ، وَلَكِنْ تُقَوَّمُ الْبُقْعَةُ وَمَا فِيهَا، مِمَّا أَصْلَحَ الْمُشْتَرِي ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ كَمْ ثَمَنُ الْبُقْعَةِ؟ وَكَمْ ثَمَنُ الْبُنْيَانِ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْقِيمَةِ؟ ثُمَّ يَكُونَانِ شَرِيكَيْنِ فِي ذَلِكَ لِصَاحِبِ الْبُقْعَةِ، بِقَدْرِ حِصَّتِهِ وَيَكُونُ لِلْغُرَمَاءِ بِقَدْرِ حِصَّةِ الْبُنْيَانِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person bought thread or land, then made cloth from the thread and built a house on the land, and after that the buyer became insolvent, now if the seller of the land says that I will take both the land and the house, then this cannot happen. Rather, the value of the land and the construction will be assessed, then it will be seen how much of this value pertains to the land and how much to the construction. Now both the seller and the buyer will share in this; the owner of the land according to his share, and the remaining creditors according to the construction.
Hadith 1385B3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ قِيمَةُ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَخَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَتَكُونُ قِيمَةُ الْبُقْعَةِ خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَقِيمَةُ الْبُنْيَانِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، فَيَكُونُ لِصَاحِبِ الْبُقْعَةِ الثُّلُثُ، وَيَكُونُ لِلْغُرَمَاءِ الثُّلُثَانِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like this: if the price of the land and the equipment is fifteen hundred, out of which the price of the land is five hundred and the equipment is one thousand, then the owner of the land will get one third, and the remaining two thirds will belong to the creditors.
Hadith 1385B4
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَكَذَلِكَ الْغَزْلُ وَغَيْرُهُ مِمَّا أَشْبَهَهُ، إِذَا دَخَلَهُ هَذَا، وَلَحِقَ الْمُشْتَرِيَ دَيْنٌ لَا وَفَاءَ لَهُ عِنْدَهُ، وَهَذَا الْعَمَلُ فِيهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The same ruling applies to thread when the buyer has spun it, and after that he becomes indebted and insolvent.
Hadith 1385B5
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَأَمَّا مَا بِيعَ مِنَ السِّلَعِ الَّتِي لَمْ يُحْدِثْ فِيهَا الْمُبْتَاعُ شَيْئًا، إِلَّا أَنَّ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةَ نَفَقَتْ، وَارْتَفَعَ ثَمَنُهَا، فَصَاحِبُهَا يَرْغَبُ فِيهَا، وَالْغُرَمَاءُ يُرِيدُونَ إِمْسَاكَهَا، فَإِنَّ الْغُرَمَاءَ يُخَيَّرُونَ بَيْنَ أَنْ : يُعْطُوا رَبَّ السِّلْعَةِ الثَّمَنَ الَّذِي بَاعَهَا بِهِ، وَلَا يُنَقِّصُوهُ شَيْئًا، وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمُوا إِلَيْهِ سِلْعَتَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ السِّلْعَةُ قَدْ نَقَصَ ثَمَنُهَا، فَالَّذِي بَاعَهَا بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ سِلْعَتَهُ، وَلَا تِبَاعَةَ لَهُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ مَالِ غَرِيمِهِ، فَذَلِكَ لَهُ. وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَكُونَ غَرِيمًا مِنَ الْغُرَمَاءِ يُحَاصُّ بِحَقِّهِ، وَلَا يَأْخُذُ سِلْعَتَهُ فَذَلِكَ لَهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the buyer has not made use of the item, but its price has increased, and now the seller wants to take back his item, while the creditors want that the item should not be given to the seller, then the creditors have the choice, even if they hand over the full price to the seller. If the price of the item has decreased, then the seller has the choice, whether he takes back his item—then he will have nothing to do with the buyer’s wealth—or he does not take back his item and becomes a partner with the creditors.
Hadith 1385B6
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِيمَنِ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً أَوْ دَابَّةً فَوَلَدَتْ عِنْدَهُ، ثُمَّ أَفْلَسَ الْمُشْتَرِي، فَإِنَّ الْجَارِيَةَ أَوِ الدَّابَّةَ وَوَلَدَهَا لِلْبَائِعِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْغَبَ الْغُرَمَاءُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَيُعْطُونَهُ حَقَّهُ كَامِلًا، وَيُمْسِكُونَ ذَلِكَ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys a slave-girl or an animal, and then that slave-girl or animal gives birth to a child while with the buyer, and after that the buyer becomes insolvent, then the child will belong to the seller. However, if the creditors pay the full price to the seller, then they can keep both the child and its mother.
