موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الشِّرْكَةِ وَالتَّوْلِيَةِ وَالْإِقَالَةِ
What is Reported Regarding Partnership, Agency, and Cancellation
Hadith 1384Q1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الرَّجُلِ يَبِيعُ الْبَزَّ الْمُصَنَّفَ، وَيَسْتَثْنِي ثِيَابًا بِرُقُومِهَا، إِنَّهُ إِنِ اشْتَرَطَ أَنْ يَخْتَارَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّقْمَ، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ أَنْ يَخْتَارَ مِنْهُ حِينَ اسْتَثْنَى، فَإِنِّي أَرَاهُ شَرِيكًا فِي عَدَدِ الْبَزِّ الَّذِي اشْتُرِيَ مِنْهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الثَّوْبَيْنِ يَكُونُ رَقْمُهُمَا سَوَاءً وَبَيْنَهُمَا تَفَاوُتٌ فِي الثَّمَنِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person sells various types of cloth and makes a condition to exclude some pieces of cloth for a certain amount, then there is no harm in it. But if he does not make this condition, then he will be considered a partner in those clothes, because even in the price of one piece of cloth there can be increase or decrease.
Hadith 1384Q2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِالشِّرْكِ وَالتَّوْلِيَةِ وَالْإِقَالَةِ مِنْهُ فِي الطَّعَامِ وَغَيْرِهِ، قَبَضَ ذَلِكَ أَوْ لَمْ يَقْبِضْ، إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ بِالنَّقْدِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ رِبْحٌ، وَلَا وَضِيعَةٌ، وَلَا تَأْخِيرٌ لِلثَّمَنِ، فَإِنْ دَخَلَ ذَلِكَ رِبْحٌ أَوْ وَضِيعَةٌ أَوْ تَأْخِيرٌ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، صَارَ بَيْعًا يُحِلُّهُ مَا يُحِلُّ الْبَيْعَ، وَيُحَرِّمُهُ مَا يُحَرِّمُ الْبَيْعَ، وَلَيْسَ بِشِرْكٍ وَلَا تَوْلِيَةٍ وَلَا إِقَالَةٍ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that partnership (shirkah), tawliyah, and iqalah are permissible in food items, whether possession has been taken of them or not. However, it is necessary that the transaction be in cash, not deferred, and there should be no increase or decrease. If there is any increase or decrease, or if it is deferred, then these transactions will be considered as sales, not as partnership, tawliyah, or iqalah.
Hadith 1384Q3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : مَنِ اشْتَرَى سِلْعَةً بَزًّا أَوْ رَقِيقًا، فَبَتَّ بِهِ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يُشَرِّكَهُ فَفَعَلَ، وَنَقَدَا الثَّمَنَ صَاحِبَ السِّلْعَةِ جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَ السِّلْعَةَ شَيْءٌ يَنْتَزِعُهَا مِنْ أَيْدِيهِمَا، فَإِنَّ الْمُشَرَّكَ يَأْخُذُ مِنِ الَّذِي أَشْرَكَهُ الثَّمَنَ، وَيَطْلُبُ الَّذِي أَشْرَكَ بَيِّعَهُ الَّذِي بَاعَهُ السِّلْعَةَ بِالثَّمَنِ كُلِّهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُشَرِّكُ عَلَى الَّذِي أَشْرَكَ بِحَضْرَةِ الْبَيْعِ، وَعِنْدَ مُبَايَعَةِ الْبَائِعِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَقَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَفَاوَتَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ عُهْدَتَكَ عَلَى الَّذِي ابْتَعْتُ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ تَفَاوَتَ ذَلِكَ، وَفَاتَ الْبَائِعَ الْأَوَّلَ فَشَرْطُ الْآخَرِ بَاطِلٌ وَعَلَيْهِ الْعُهْدَةُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys some goods such as cloth, a slave, or a slave-girl, and then another person says to him, "Include me as a partner in this," and he accepts, and both together pay the price to the seller, and then it turns out that the goods belong to someone else, then the person who became a partner will take his money back from the first buyer. And he (the first buyer) will take it from the seller, except in the case where, at the time of purchase, the buyer said in front of the seller to the partner that if there is any defect in the sale, the responsibility will be on the seller. In that case, the partner will take his loss from the seller. If this is not the case, then the buyer's condition will be of no use, and the loss of compensation will be upon him.
Hadith 1384Q4
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِلرَّجُلِ : اشْتَرِ هَذِهِ السِّلْعَةَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ، وَانْقُدْ عَنِّي وَأَنَا أَبِيعُهَا لَكَ، إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَصْلُحُ. حِينَ قَالَ : انْقُدْ عَنِّي وَأَنَا أَبِيعُهَا لَكَ. وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ سَلَفٌ يُسْلِفُهُ إِيَّاهُ، عَلَى أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا لَهُ. وَلَوْ أَنَّ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةَ هَلَكَتْ. أَوْ فَاتَتْ. أَخَذَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي نَقَدَ الثَّمَنَ. مِنْ شَرِيكِهِ مَا نَقَدَ عَنْهُ فَهَذَا مِنَ السَّلَفِ الَّذِي يَجُرُّ مَنْفَعَةً. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ابْتَاعَ سِلْعَةً، فَوَجَبَتْ لَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ : أَشْرِكْنِي بِنِصْفِ هَذِهِ السِّلْعَةِ، وَأَنَا أَبِيعُهَا لَكَ جَمِيعًا، كَانَ ذَلِكَ حَلَالًا لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ هَذَا بَيْعٌ جَدِيدٌ. بَاعَهُ نِصْفَ السِّلْعَةِ، عَلَى أَنْ يَبِيعَ لَهُ النِّصْفَ الْآخَرَ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that Zaid said to Amr: Buy this thing for me and yourself in partnership, I will have it sold, so pay my share of the price as well. This is not permissible because it is a loan on the condition of selling. If that thing is destroyed, then Amr will take the price of his share from Zaid. However, if Amr has already bought a thing, then Zaid says: Include me also in half of it, I will have it sold, then this is permissible.
