موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ جَامِعِ الدَّيْنِ وَالْحِوَلِ
Comprehensive Chapter on Debt and Transfer
Hadith 1382
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، عَنْ الْأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ : " مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ، وَإِذَا أُتْبِعَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَلِيءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ "
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The delay of a wealthy person in repaying a debt is injustice, and when any of you is referred to a wealthy person (for payment), he should accept the referral."
Hadith 1383
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَسْأَلُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي رَجُلٌ أَبِيعُ بِالدَّيْنِ، فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ : " لَا تَبِعْ إِلَّا مَا آوَيْتَ إِلَى رَحْلِكَ " .
Hazrat Musa bin Maisarah heard that a person was asking Saeed bin Musayyib: I sell in exchange for a debt? Saeed said: Do not sell except that which you possess.
Hadith 1383B1
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الَّذِي يَشْتَرِي السِّلْعَةَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى أَنْ يُوَفِّيَهُ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، إِمَّا لِسُوقٍ يَرْجُو نَفَاقَهَا فِيهِ، وَإِمَّا لِحَاجَةٍ فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يُخْلِفُهُ الْبَائِعُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ الْأَجَلِ، فَيُرِيدُ الْمُشْتَرِي رَدَّ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةِ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ : إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي، وَإِنَّ الْبَيْعَ لَازِمٌ لَهُ، وَإِنَّ الْبَائِعَ لَوْ جَاءَ بِتِلْكَ السِّلْعَةِ قَبْلَ مَحِلِّ الْأَجَلِ لَمْ يُكْرَهْ الْمُشْتَرِي عَلَى أَخْذِهَا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys something on the condition that the seller will deliver the item to the buyer within a certain period, and the buyer has some interest in this, for example, there is hope that the goods will sell in the market at that time, or there is some other purpose, then if the seller breaks this promise and the buyer wishes to return the item to the seller, the buyer does not have this right, and the sale will remain binding. If the seller brings the item before the appointed time, the buyer will not be compelled to take it.
Hadith 1383B2
. قَالَ مَالِك فِي الَّذِي يَشْتَرِي الطَّعَامَ فَيَكْتَالُهُ، ثُمَّ يَأْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ مِنْهُ فَيُخْبِرُ الَّذِي يَأْتِيهِ أَنَّهُ قَدِ اكْتَالَهُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَاسْتَوْفَاهُ، فَيُرِيدُ الْمُبْتَاعُ أَنْ يُصَدِّقَهُ وَيَأْخُذَهُ بِكَيْلِهِ : إِنَّ مَا بِيعَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ بِنَقْدٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَمَا بِيعَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَإِنَّهُ مَكْرُوهٌ، حَتَّى يَكْتَالَهُ الْمُشْتَرِي الْآخَرُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا كُرِهَ الَّذِي إِلَى أَجَلٍ لِأَنَّهُ ذَرِيعَةٌ إِلَى الرِّبَا، وَتَخَوُّفٌ أَنْ يُدَارَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ بِغَيْرِ كَيْلٍ وَلَا وَزْنٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَهُوَ مَكْرُوهٌ وَلَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys grain and measures it, then another buyer comes who wants to buy that grain from the purchaser, and the purchaser says that he has already measured the grain, and that person believes the purchaser and buys the grain for cash, then there is no objection to it. However, it is disliked to buy it on a promise, unless the buyer measures it again.
Hadith 1383B3
قَالَ مَالِك : لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُشْتَرَى دَيْنٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ غَائِبٍ وَلَا حَاضِرٍ إِلَّا بِإِقْرَارٍ مِنَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ وَلَا عَلَى مَيِّتٍ، وَإِنْ عَلِمَ الَّذِي تَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اشْتِرَاءَ ذَلِكَ غَرَرٌ لَا يُدْرَى أَيَتِمُّ أَمْ لَا يَتِمُّ، قَالَ : وَتَفْسِيرُ مَا كُرِهَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ : أَنَّهُ إِذَا اشْتَرَى دَيْنًا عَلَى غَائِبٍ أَوْ مَيِّتٍ، أَنَّهُ لَا يُدْرَى مَا يَلْحَقُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُعْلَمْ بِهِ، فَإِنْ لَحِقَ الْمَيِّتَ دَيْنٌ، ذَهَبَ الثَّمَنُ الَّذِي أَعْطَى الْمُبْتَاعُ بَاطِلًا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that it is not permissible to buy a debt, whether it is upon someone absent or present, except when the present person acknowledges it. Similarly, it is not permissible to buy a debt that is upon a deceased person, because there is deception in it; it is not known whether that debt will be recovered or not. Therefore, if another debt is found upon the deceased or the absent person, then the money is lost. Secondly, that debt has not entered into his guarantee; if it is not settled, then the money is lost.
Hadith 1383B4
. قَالَ مَالِك : وَفِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَيْبٌ آخَرُ : أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى شَيْئًا لَيْسَ بِمَضْمُونٍ لَهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتِمَّ ذَهَبَ ثَمَنُهُ بَاطِلًا، فَهَذَا غَرَرٌ لَا يَصْلُحُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the difference between a sale with advance payment (salam) and a sale of 'inah is that in a sale of 'inah, a person gives ten dinars in cash and takes fifteen dinars on promise; so this is clear deception, and it is outright fraud.
