موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ بَيْعِ النُّحَاسِ وَالْحَدِيدِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُمَا مِمَّا يُوزَنُ
Sale of Copper, Iron, and Similar Weighed Items
Hadith 1372Q1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَا كَانَ مِمَّا يُوزَنُ مِنْ غَيْرِ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ : مِنَ النُّحَاسِ وَالشَّبَهِ وَالرَّصَاصِ وَالْآنُكِ، وَالْحَدِيدِ، وَالْقَضْبِ وَالتِّينِ، وَالْكُرْسُفِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا يُوزَنُ، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ رِطْلُ حَدِيدٍ بِرِطْلَيْ حَدِيدٍ وَرِطْلُ صُفْرٍ بِرِطْلَيْ صُفْرٍ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا خَيْرَ فِيهِ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، فَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الصِّنْفَانِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَبَانَ اخْتِلَافُهُمَا، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الصِّنْفُ مِنْهُ يُشْبِهُ الصِّنْفَ الْآخَرَ، وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَا فِي الِاسْمِ مِثْلُ الرَّصَاصِ وَالْآنُكِ وَالشَّبَهِ وَالصُّفْرِ فَإِنِّي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: According to us, the ruling is that for those things which are sold by weight, except for silver and gold, such as copper, brass, tin, lead, iron, leaves, grass, cotton, etc., an increase or decrease is permissible as long as it is hand to hand (immediate exchange). For example, it is permissible to take one ratl of iron in exchange for two ratls of iron, or one ratl of brass in exchange for two ratls of brass. However, when the type is the same, it is not permissible to take it on a deferred basis. If the types are different in such a way that there is a clear difference (for example, brass in exchange for iron), then taking it on a deferred basis is also permissible. If there is no clear difference and only a difference in name, such as tin, lead, brass, and bronze, then taking it on a deferred basis is disliked.
Hadith 1372Q2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمَا اشْتَرَيْتَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ كُلِّهَا، فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَبِيعَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْبِضَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتَهُ مِنْهُ، إِذَا قَبَضْتَ ثَمَنَهُ، إِذَا كُنْتَ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ كَيْلًا أَوْ وَزْنًا، فَإِنِ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ جِزَافًا فَبِعْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتَهُ مِنْهُ، بِنَقْدٍ أَوْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ ضَمَانَهُ مِنْكَ إِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَهُ جِزَافًا، وَلَا يَكُونُ ضَمَانُهُ مِنْكَ إِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَهُ وَزْنًا حَتَّى تَزِنَهُ وَتَسْتَوْفِيَهُ، وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ كُلِّهَا، وَهُوَ الَّذِي لَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُ النَّاسِ عِنْدَنَا. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that it is permissible to sell these things before taking possession, except for the seller and to anyone for cash payment, when they have been measured or weighed. If they have been bought in a heap, then it is permissible to sell them both for cash and on credit, because in buying in a heap, the item comes under the guarantee of the buyer from that very moment, and in buying by measure or weight, until the buyer measures or weighs it again and takes possession, it does not come under his guarantee. I have heard this ruling well regarding these things, and in our view, the practice of the people has remained upon this.
Hadith 1372Q3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَا يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ مِمَّا لَا يُؤْكَلُ وَلَا يُشْرَبُ مِثْلُ : الْعُصْفُرِ وَالنَّوَى، وَالْخَبَطِ وَالْكَتَمِ وَمَا يُشْبِهُ ذَلِكَ، أَنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهُ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، فَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَ الصِّنْفَانِ فَبَانَ اخْتِلَافُهُمَا، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُمَا اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، وَمَا اشْتُرِيَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ كُلِّهَا، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُبَاعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَوْفَى إِذَا قَبَضَ ثَمَنَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ مِنْهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that for those things which are not for eating or drinking and are sold by measure or weight, such as safflower, pits, or leaves, etc., there is no harm in disparity (in quantity) even if the type is the same, but credit (sale) is not permissible. If the types are different, then credit is also permissible. And it is permissible to sell these things before taking possession, except that only the seller may take the price in cash from someone else's hand.
Hadith 1372Q4
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْأَصْنَافِ كُلِّهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْحَصْبَاءَ وَالْقَصَّةَ، فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِمِثْلَيْهِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَهُوَ رِبًا، وَوَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا بِمِثْلِهِ وَزِيَادَةُ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَهُوَ رِبًا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that as for things which are used, such as sand and lime, if they are sold for the same kind on deferred payment, whether equal or unequal, it is not permissible. If they are sold for cash, then it is permissible even if they are unequal.
