موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ بَيْعِ الذَّهَبِ بِالْفِضَّةِ تِبْرًا وَعَيْنًا
Chapter on Sale of Gold for Silver
Hadith 1329
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ السَّعْدَيْنِ أَنْ يَبِيعَا آنِيَةً مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ، فَبَاعَا كُلَّ ثَلَاثَةٍ بِأَرْبَعَةٍ عَيْنًا أَوْ كُلَّ أَرْبَعَةٍ بِثَلَاثَةٍ عَيْنًا . فَقَالَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَرْبَيْتُمَا فَرُدَّا "
It is narrated from Yahya ibn Sa'id that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered both Sa'ds that all the vessels of gold and silver that came in the spoils of war should be sold. They sold three vessels for four in cash, or four for three in cash. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Both of you have engaged in usury; cancel this sale."
Hadith 1330
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحُبَاب سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ : " الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ، وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ، لَا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا "
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Sell a dinar for a dinar and a dirham for a dirham, not for more."
Hadith 1331
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ : " لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَا تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَا تَبِيعُوا مِنْهَا شَيْئًا غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ "
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Do not sell gold for gold except equal for equal, do not increase one over the other, and do not sell silver for silver except equal for equal, do not increase one over the other, and do not sell any of it on credit for cash."
Hadith 1332
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : كُنْتُ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَجَاءَهُ صَائِغٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، إِنِّي أَصُوغُ الذَّهَبَ ثُمَّ أَبِيعُ الشَّيْءَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَزْنِهِ فَأَسْتَفْضِلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَدْرَ عَمَلِ يَدِي، فَنَهَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَجَعَلَ الصَّائِغُ يُرَدِّدُ عَلَيْهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَنْهَاهُ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى بَاب الْمَسْجِدِ أَوْ إِلَى دَابَّةٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ : " الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ، وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ، لَا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا، هَذَا عَهْدُ نَبِيِّنَا إِلَيْنَا وَعَهْدُنَا إِلَيْكُمْ "
It is narrated from Mujahid that I was sitting with Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) when a goldsmith came and said: O Abu Abdur Rahman! I make gold jewelry, then I sell it for more dinars than its weight, and I take this excess as compensation for my labor. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) kept forbidding him until Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) came to the door of the mosque, or was about to mount his animal. At that time, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) said: Sell dinar for dinar and dirham for dirham in exchange, and do not take any excess; this is the instruction.
Hadith 1333
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تَبِيعُوا الدِّينَارَ بِالدِّينَارَيْنِ، وَلَا الدِّرْهَمَ بِالدِّرْهَمَيْنِ "
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not sell one dinar for two dinars, nor one dirham for two dirhams."
Hadith 1334
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بَاعَ سِقَايَةً مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَرِقٍ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَزْنِهَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " يَنْهَى عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا، إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ " . فَقَالَ لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ : مَا أَرَى بِمِثْلِ هَذَا بَأْسًا . فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ : مَنْ يَعْذِرُنِي مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، أَنَا أُخْبِرُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيُخْبِرُنِي عَنْ رَأْيِهِ : لَا أُسَاكِنُكَ بِأَرْضٍ أَنْتَ بِهَا . ثُمَّ ثُمَّ قَدِمَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ : " أَنْ لَا تَبِيعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ "
It is narrated from Hazrat Ata bin Yasar that Sayyiduna Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) sold a drinking vessel made of gold or silver for more gold or silver than its weight. So Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbidding this, except that he permitted selling it equal for equal. Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I do not see any harm in it. Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Who will accept my excuse if I give Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) an answer? I am narrating to him the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and he is telling me his own opinion. Now I will not stay in your land. Then Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Madinah to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and related this incident to him. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) that do not make such a sale again, except by weighing equal for equal.
Hadith 1335
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ : " لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَا تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقِ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَا تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالذَّهَبِ أَحَدُهُمَا غَائِبٌ وَالْآخَرُ نَاجِزٌ، وَإِنِ اسْتَنْظَرَكَ إِلَى أَنْ يَلِجَ بَيْتَهُ فَلَا تُنْظِرْهُ، إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ الرَّمَاءَ " . وَالرَّمَاءُ هُوَ الرِّبَا
Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Do not sell gold for gold except equal for equal, do not increase one over the other, and do not sell silver for silver except equal for equal, do not increase one over the other, and do not sell silver for gold in such a way that one is immediate and the other is deferred, rather, if someone asks you for so much respite that he may go to his house and return, do not even permit that much, I fear usury for you.
Hadith 1336
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ : " لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَا تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَا تَبِيعُوا شَيْئًا مِنْهَا غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ، وَإِنِ اسْتَنْظَرَكَ إِلَى أَنْ يَلِجَ بَيْتَهُ فَلَا تُنْظِرْهُ، إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ الرَّمَاءَ " . وَالرَّمَاءُ هُوَ الرِّبَا
Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Do not sell gold for gold except equal for equal, do not increase one over the other, and do not sell silver for silver except equal for equal, do not increase one over the other, and do not sell silver for gold in such a way that one is immediate and the other is deferred, rather, if he asks you for so much respite that he may go to his house and return, do not even permit that much, I fear usury for you.
Hadith 1337
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : " الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ، وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ، وَالصَّاعُ بِالصَّاعِ، وَلَا يُبَاعُ كَالِئٌ بِنَاجِزٍ "
Qasim bin Muhammad reports that Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: A dinar should be for a dinar, a dirham for a dirham, and a sa’ for a sa’, and do not sell cash for a promise.
Hadith 1338
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، يَقُولُ : " لَا رِبًا إِلَّا فِي ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِي فِضَّةٍ أَوْ مَا يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ بِمَا يُؤْكَلُ أَوْ يُشْرَبُ "
Hazrat Saeed bin Musayyib used to say: There is no riba except in gold or silver, or in things that are sold by measure or weight among food and drink.
Hadith 1339
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، يَقُولُ : " قَطْعُ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ مِنَ الْفَسَادِ فِي الْأَرْضِ " .
It is narrated from Yahya bin Saeed that Saeed bin Musayyib used to say: Cutting a silver coin or a gold dinar is like causing corruption in the land.
Hadith 1339B1
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ الرَّجُلُ الذَّهَبَ بِالْفِضَّةِ، وَالْفِضَّةَ بِالذَّهَبِ جِزَافًا إِذَا كَانَ تِبْرًا أَوْ حَلْيًا قَدْ صِيغَ، فَأَمَّا الدَّرَاهِمُ الْمَعْدُودَةُ وَالدَّنَانِيرُ الْمَعْدُودَةُ فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ جِزَافًا حَتَّى يُعْلَمَ وَيُعَدَّ، فَإِنِ اشْتُرِيَ ذَلِكَ جِزَافًا فَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ بِهِ الْغَرَرُ حِينَ يُتْرَكُ عَدُّهُ وَيُشْتَرَى جِزَافًا، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا مِنْ بُيُوعِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَأَمَّا مَا كَانَ يُوزَنُ مِنَ التِّبْرِ وَالْحَلْيِ، فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُبَاعَ ذَلِكَ جِزَافًا، وَإِنَّمَا ابْتِيَاعُ ذَلِكَ جِزَافًا كَهَيْئَةِ الْحِنْطَةِ وَالتَّمْرِ وَنَحْوِهِمَا مِنَ الْأَطْعِمَةِ الَّتِي تُبَاعُ جِزَافًا وَمِثْلُهَا يُكَالُ، فَلَيْسَ بِابْتِيَاعِ ذَلِكَ جِزَافًا بَأْسٌ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if gold is bought in exchange for silver or silver in exchange for gold in heaps, there is no objection, whether they are ingots or jewelry. However, buying rupees for ashrafis without counting is not permissible; rather, there is deception in it, and it is against the custom of the Muslims. But buying gold or silver ingots or jewelry that are sold by weight, to purchase them by estimation, just as wheat or dates, etc., are bought, is not objectionable.
Hadith 1339B2
قَالَ مَالِك : مَنِ اشْتَرَى مُصْحَفًا أَوْ سَيْفًا أَوْ خَاتَمًا وَفِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ذَهَبٌ أَوْ فِضَّةٌ بِدَنَانِيرَ أَوْ دَرَاهِمَ، فَإِنَّ مَا اشْتُرِيَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَفِيهِ الذَّهَبُ بِدَنَانِيرَ فَإِنَّهُ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى قِيمَتِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ قِيمَةُ ذَلِكَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ وَقِيمَةُ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ الثُّلُثَ، فَذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَلَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ تَأْخِيرٌ، وَمَا اشْتُرِيَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِالْوَرِقِ مِمَّا فِيهِ الْوَرِقُ نُظِرَ إِلَى قِيمَتِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ قِيمَةُ ذَلِكَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ وَقِيمَةُ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْوَرِقِ الثُّلُثَ، فَذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّاسِ عِنْدَنَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person buys the Noble Qur'an, or a sword, or a ring in which there is gold or silver, in exchange for rupees or gold coins, then it should be seen: if there is gold attached to these things and it is bought in exchange for gold coins, and the price of that item is not less than two-thirds, and the value of the gold attached to it is not more than one-third, then it is permissible as long as it is a cash-for-cash transaction. Similarly, if there is silver attached and it is bought in exchange for rupees, then the same ruling applies.
