موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعُرْبَانِ
Chapter on what is reported regarding ‘urban sale
Hadith 1303
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ عِنْدَهُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْعُرْبَانِ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade the sale of 'Arban.
Hadith 1303B1
. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا نُرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَبْدَ أَوِ الْوَلِيدَةَ، أَوْ يَتَكَارَى الدَّابَّةَ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لِلَّذِي اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ، أَوْ تَكَارَى مِنْهُ : أُعْطِيكَ دِينَارًا، أَوْ دِرْهَمًا، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَقَلَّ، عَلَى أَنِّي إِنْ أَخَذْتُ السِّلْعَةَ أَوْ رَكِبْتُ، مَا تَكَارَيْتُ مِنْكَ، فَالَّذِي أَعْطَيْتُكَ هُوَ مِنْ ثَمَنِ السِّلْعَةِ، أَوْ مِنْ كِرَاءِ الدَّابَّةِ، وَإِنْ تَرَكْتُ ابْتِيَاعَ السِّلْعَةِ أَوْ كِرَاءَ الدَّابَّةِ، فَمَا أَعْطَيْتُكَ لَكَ بَاطِلٌ بِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, its meaning is that a man buys a slave or a slave-girl, or hires an animal, then says to the seller or the owner of the animal: "I will give you one dinar, or more or less, on the condition that if I buy this slave or slave-girl, then consider that dinar as part of the price, or if I ride the animal, then consider it as part of the rent. Otherwise, if I return the slave or slave-girl to you, or do not ride the animal, then the dinar will become your property for free, and I will not take it back."
Hadith 1303B2
. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَالْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَبْتَاعَ الْعَبْدَ التَّاجِرَ الْفَصِيحَ بِالْأَعْبُدِ مِنَ الْحَبَشَةِ، أَوْ مِنْ جِنْسٍ مِنَ الْأَجْنَاسِ لَيْسُوا مِثْلَهُ فِي الْفَصَاحَةِ، وَلَا فِي التِّجَارَةِ وَالنَّفَاذِ وَالْمَعْرِفَةِ، لَا بَأْسَ بِهَذَا أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ مِنْهُ الْعَبْدَ بِالْعَبْدَيْنِ، أَوْ بِالْأَعْبُدِ، إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ، إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ فَبَانَ اخْتِلَافُهُ، فَإِنْ أَشْبَهَ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ بَعْضًا، حَتَّى يَتَقَارَبَ، فَلَا يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ اثْنَيْنِ بِوَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَتْ أَجْنَاسُهُمْ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that if a slave is well-versed in the art of trade and speaks well, it is permissible to exchange him for an ignorant Abyssinian slave. Similarly, if there are other qualities that are not like the other qualities, but are even more valuable, then it is permissible to exchange one slave for two slaves or for several slaves, when both things are clearly different from each other. But if they are similar to each other, then it is not permissible to take two things in exchange for one.
Hadith 1303B3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَبِيعَ مَا اشْتَرَيْتَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْتَوْفِيَهُ، إِذَا انْتَقَدْتَ ثَمَنَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتَهُ مِنْهُ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُسْتَثْنَى جَنِينٌ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ إِذَا بِيعَتْ، لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ غَرَرٌ لَا يُدْرَى أَذَكَرٌ هُوَ أَمْ أُنْثَى، أَحَسَنٌ أَمْ قَبِيحٌ، أَوْ نَاقِصٌ، أَوْ تَامٌّ، أَوْ حَيٌّ، أَوْ مَيِّتٌ، وَذَلِكَ يَضَعُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that except for food items, it is permissible to sell other goods before taking possession, but not to anyone except the seller himself, provided that the price has already been paid.
Hadith 1303B4
. قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَبْتَاعُ الْعَبْدَ أَوِ الْوَلِيدَةَ بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، إِلَى أَجَلٍ، ثُمَّ يَنْدَمُ الْبَائِعُ، فَيَسْأَلُ الْمُبْتَاعَ : أَنْ يُقِيلَهُ بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ يَدْفَعُهَا إِلَيْهِ نَقْدًا، أَوْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، وَيَمْحُو عَنْهُ الْمِائَةَ دِينَارٍ الَّتِي لَهُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if someone sells a pregnant slave woman but does not sell her pregnancy, it is not valid, because who knows whether the child is male or female, beautiful or ugly, complete or deformed, alive or dead, so how will he deduct its price from the price of the slave woman?
Hadith 1303B5
. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ نَدِمَ الْمُبْتَاعُ، فَسَأَلَ الْبَائِعَ أَنْ يُقِيلَهُ فِي الْجَارِيَةِ أَوِ الْعَبْدِ، وَيَزِيدَهُ عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ نَقْدًا، أَوْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ أَبْعَدَ مِنَ الْأَجَلِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَى إِلَيْهِ الْعَبْدَ أَوِ الْوَلِيدَةَ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَنْبَغِي، وَإِنَّمَا كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْبَائِعَ كَأَنَّهُ بَاعَ مِنْهُ مِائَةَ دِينَارٍ لَهُ إِلَى سَنَةٍ، قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحِلَّ بِجَارِيَةٍ، وَبِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ نَقْدًا، أَوْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ أَبْعَدَ مِنَ السَّنَةٍ، فَدَخَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ بَيْعُ الذَّهَبِ بِالذَّهَبِ، إِلَى أَجَلٍ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَبِيعُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْجَارِيَةَ بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي بَاعَهَا بِهِ، إِلَى أَبْعَدَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْأَجَلِ الَّذِي بَاعَهَا إِلَيْهِ : إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَصْلُحُ، وَتَفْسِيرُ مَا كَرِهَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ الْجَارِيَةَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، ثُمَّ يَبْتَاعُهَا إِلَى أَجَلٍ أَبْعَدَ مِنْهُ، يَبِيعُهَا بِثَلَاثِينَ دِينَارًا إِلَى شَهْرٍ، ثُمَّ يَبْتَاعُهَا بِسِتِّينَ دِينَارًا إِلَى سَنَةٍ أَوْ إِلَى نِصْفِ سَنَةٍ، فَصَارَ إِنْ رَجَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ سِلْعَتُهُ بِعَيْنِهَا، وَأَعْطَاهُ صَاحِبُهُ ثَلَاثِينَ دِينَارًا إِلَى شَهْرٍ، بِسِتِّينَ دِينَارًا إِلَى سَنَةٍ، أَوْ إِلَى نِصْفِ سَنَةٍ، فَهَذَا لَا يَنْبَغِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a man or a slave-girl or a slave is bought for one hundred dinars and a term for payment is fixed (for example, on a promise of one month), then the seller, feeling regret, says to the buyer, "Cancel this sale and take ten dinars from me in cash or within that term," then it is permissible. But if the buyer, feeling regret, says to the seller, "Cancel the sale and take ten dinars from me," or after the term that was fixed, then it is not permissible, because it is as if the seller has sold one hundred dinars for a slave-girl and ten dinars in cash or on term, so the sale of gold for gold has occurred on a term, and this is not permissible.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person sells a slave-girl for thirty dinars on a promise of one month, then buys her back for sixty dinars on a promise of six months or a year, then it is not permissible, because in this case the first buyer gets one hundred dinars for free after six months or a year.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person sells a slave-girl for thirty dinars on a promise of one month, then buys her back for sixty dinars on a promise of six months or a year, then it is not permissible, because in this case the first buyer gets one hundred dinars for free after six months or a year.
