موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المدبرBook: On the Explanation of Mudabbar (Slave Freed Upon Owner's Death)
بَابُ جَامِعِ مَا جَاءَ فِي التَّدْبِيرِ
Chapter on what is reported regarding tadbir (conditional emancipation)
Hadith 1300Q34
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي مُدَبَّرٍ قَالَ لِسَيِّدِهِ : عَجِّلْ لِي الْعِتْقَ. وَأُعْطِيكَ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهَا مُنَجَّمَةً عَلَيَّ. فَقَالَ سَيِّدُهُ : نَعَمْ. أَنْتَ حُرٌّ. وَعَلَيْكَ خَمْسُونَ دِينَارًا. تُؤَدِّي إِلَيَّ كُلَّ عَامٍ عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ. فَرَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ الْعَبْدُ. ثُمَّ هَلَكَ السَّيِّدُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : يَثْبُتُ لَهُ الْعِتْقُ. وَصَارَتِ الْخَمْسُونَ دِينَارًا دَيْنًا عَلَيْهِ. وَجَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ. وَثَبَتَتْ حُرْمَتُهُ. وَمِيرَاثُهُ وَحُدُودُهُ. وَلَا يَضَعُ عَنْهُ مَوْتُ سَيِّدِهِ. شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الدَّيْنِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a mudabbar says to his master: "Set me free now and I will pay you fifty dinars in installments," and the master says: "Alright, you are free, so pay me fifty dinars over five years, ten dinars each year," and the mudabbar agrees to this, then if the master dies after two or three days, the mudabbar will become free, and the fifty dinars will remain as a debt upon him. His testimony will be valid, and all his rights regarding sanctity, inheritance, and legal punishments will be complete, and the death of the master will not reduce anything from those fifty dinars.
Hadith 1300Q35
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي رَجُلٍ دَبَّرَ عَبْدًا لَهُ. فَمَاتَ السَّيِّدُ. وَلَهُ مَالٌ حَاضِرٌ وَمَالٌ غَائِبٌ. فَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي مَالِهِ الْحَاضِرِ مَا يَخْرُجُ فِيهِ الْمُدَبَّرُ. قَالَ : يُوقَفُ الْمُدَبَّرُ بِمَالِهِ. وَيُجْمَعُ خَرَاجُهُ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ مِنَ الْمَالِ الْغَائِبِ. فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا تَرَكَ سَيِّدُهُ، مِمَّا يَحْمِلُهُ الثُّلُثُ، عَتَقَ بِمَالِهِ. وَبِمَا جُمِعَ مِنْ خَرَاجِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيمَا تَرَكَ سَيِّدُهُ مَا يَحْمِلُهُ، عَتَقَ مِنْهُ قَدْرُ الثُّلُثِ، وَتُرِكَ مَالُهُ فِي يَدَيْهِ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person declares his slave as Mudabbar, then dies, and some of his wealth is present while some is absent, and the Mudabbar cannot be freed from the one-third of the wealth that is present, then the Mudabbar will be held back, and his earnings will also be collected, until the absent wealth also appears. Then, if the Mudabbar can be freed from the one-third of the total wealth of the master, he will be freed, and the wealth and earnings of the Mudabbar will belong to him. And if he cannot be completely freed from the one-third, then only the portion equivalent to the one-third will be freed, and his wealth will remain with him.
