موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المدبرBook: On the Explanation of Mudabbar (Slave Freed Upon Owner's Death)
بَابُ الْقَضَاءِ فِي وَلَدِ الْمُدَبَّرِ
Chapter on legal rulings regarding the child of a mudabbar (slave set free after owner's death)
Hadith 1300Q27
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَنْ دَبَّرَ جَارِيَةً لَهُ. فَوَلَدَتْ أَوْلَادًا بَعْدَ تَدْبِيرِهِ إِيَّاهَا. ثُمَّ مَاتَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ قَبْلَ الَّذِي دَبَّرَهَا : إِنَّ وَلَدَهَا بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا. قَدْ ثَبَتَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الشَّرْطِ مِثْلُ الَّذِي ثَبَتَ لَهَا. وَلَا يَضُرُّهُمْ هَلَاكُ أُمِّهِمْ. فَإِذَا مَاتَ الَّذِي كَانَ دَبَّرَهَا فَقَدْ عَتَقُوا، إِنْ وَسِعَهُمُ الثُّلُثُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person declares his slave woman as mudabbar, and after that she gives birth to children, then if that slave woman dies in the presence of her master, her children will remain mudabbar like their mother. When the master dies and there is room in one third of the wealth, they will be set free.
Hadith 1300Q28
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : كُلُّ ذَاتِ رَحِمٍ فَوَلَدُهَا بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا. إِنْ كَانَتْ حُرَّةً فَوَلَدَتْ بَعْدَ عِتْقِهَا. فَوَلَدُهَا أَحْرَارٌ. وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُدَبَّرَةً أَوْ مُكَاتَبَةً أَوْ مُعْتَقَةً إِلَى سِنِينَ. أَوْ مُخْدَمَةً أَوْ بَعْضَهَا حُرًّا أَوْ مَرْهُونَةً أَوْ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ فَوَلَدُ كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ عَلَى مِثَالِ حَالِ أُمِّهِ. يَعْتِقُونَ بِعِتْقِهَا وَيَرِقُّونَ بِرِقِّهَا. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the children of every woman will be like their mother, whether she is a mudabbirah, a mukatabah, a mu‘taqah ila ajal, a makhdumah, a mu‘taqat al-ba‘d, a gard, or an umm walad. The children of each will be like their mother: if she is free, then they are free; and if she becomes a slave, then they too will become slaves.
Hadith 1300Q29
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي مُدَبَّرَةٍ دُبِّرَتْ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ سَيِّدُهَا بِحَمْلِهَا : إِنَّ وَلَدَهَا بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا. وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ جَارِيَةً لَهُ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ. وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِحَمْلِهَا. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَالسُّنَّةُ فِيهَا أَنَّ وَلَدَهَا يَتْبَعُهَا وَيَعْتِقُ بِعِتْقِهَا. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a slave woman is made mudabbar while she is pregnant, then her child will also become mudabbar. The example of this is that if a person frees his pregnant slave woman and he did not know that she was pregnant, then her child will also become free.
Hadith 1300Q30
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَكَذَلِكَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ابْتَاعَ جَارِيَةً وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ. فَالْوَلِيدَةُ وَمَا فِي بَطْنِهَا لِمَنِ ابْتَاعَهَا. اشْتَرَطَ ذَلِكَ الْمُبْتَاعُ أَوْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that similarly, if a person sells a pregnant slave woman, then the slave woman and the child in her womb will belong to the buyer, whether the buyer stipulated this condition or not.
Hadith 1300Q31
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِلْبَائِعِ أَنْ يَسْتَثْنِيَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا. لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ غَرَرٌ. يَضَعُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا. وَلَا يَدْرِي أَيَصِلُ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ أَمْ لَا. وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَا لَوْ بَاعَ جَنِينًا فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ. وَذَلِكَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ، لِأَنَّهُ غَرَرٌ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that similarly it is not permissible for the seller to sell a slave-girl and sell her pregnancy, because there is deception in it; perhaps the child will be born or perhaps not. Its example is like a person selling the unborn child in the womb; such a sale is not valid.
Hadith 1300Q32
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي مُكَاتَبٍ أَوْ مُدَبَّرٍ ابْتَاعَ أَحَدُهُمَا جَارِيَةً. فَوَطِئَهَا. فَحَمَلَتْ مِنْهُ وَوَلَدَتْ. قَالَ : وَلَدُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ جَارِيَتِهِ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ. يَعْتِقُونَ بِعِتْقِهِ. وَيَرِقُّونَ بِرِقِّهِ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَإِذَا أُعْتِقَ هُوَ. فَإِنَّمَا أُمُّ وَلَدِهِ مَالٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ. يُسَلَّمُ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا أُعْتِقَ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a mukatab or a mudabbar buys a slave girl and has intercourse with her, and she becomes pregnant and gives birth to a child, then the child of each will follow his father; with his freedom, the child will also be free, and with his slavery, the child will also be a slave. If the mukatab or mudabbar is set free, then the umm walad will be like him and like his mother, and she will be entrusted to him.
