موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المكاتبBook: On the Explanation of Mukatib (Contracted Slave)
بَابُ عِتْقِ الْمُكَاتَبِ إِذَا أَدَّى مَا عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ مَحِلِّهِ
Emancipation of the Mukatab if he pays before due time
Hadith 1298
حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَبِيعَةَ بْنَ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَغَيْرَهُ، يَذْكُرُونَ أَنَّ مُكَاتَبًا كَانَ لِلْفُرَافِصَةِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ الْحَنَفِيِّ، وَأَنَّهُ عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ جَمِيعَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهِ، فَأَبَى الْفُرَافِصَةُ، فَأَتَى الْمُكَاتَبُ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَدَعَا مَرْوَانُ، الْفُرَافِصَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَأَبَى، فَأَمَرَ مَرْوَانُ بِذَلِكَ الْمَالِ " أَنْ يُقْبَضَ مِنَ الْمُكَاتَبِ، فَيُوضَعَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، وَقَالَ لِلْمُكَاتَبِ : اذْهَبْ، فَقَدْ عَتَقْتَ " . فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ الْفُرَافِصَةُ، قَبَضَ الْمَالَ .
It is narrated from Rabi'ah bin Abi Abdur Rahman and others that Farafisah bin Umair had a mukatab (contracted slave), who brought the entire amount of his contract before the appointed time. Farafisah refused to accept it. The mukatab went to Marwan, who was the governor of Madinah, and informed him of the matter. Marwan summoned Farafisah and said: "Take the amount of the contract." Farafisah refused. Marwan ordered that the money be taken from the mukatab and placed in the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal), and said to the mukatab: "Go, you are free." When Farafisah saw this situation, he took the money.
Hadith 1298B1
قَالَ مَالِك : فَالْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا، أَنَّ الْمُكَاتَبَ إِذَا أَدَّى جَمِيعَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ نُجُومِهِ قَبْلَ مَحِلِّهَا جَازَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِسَيِّدِهِ أَنْ يَأْبَى ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ يَضَعُ عَنِ الْمُكَاتَبِ بِذَلِكَ كُلَّ شَرْطٍ أَوْ خِدْمَةٍ أَوْ سَفَرٍ، لِأَنَّهُ لَا تَتِمُّ عَتَاقَةُ رَجُلٍ وَعَلَيْهِ بَقِيَّةٌ مِنْ رِقٍّ وَلَا تَتِمُّ حُرْمَتُهُ وَلَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ وَلَا يَجِبُ مِيرَاثُهُ وَلَا أَشْبَاهُ هَذَا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِسَيِّدِهِ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ عَلَيْهِ خِدْمَةً بَعْدَ عَتَاقَتِهِ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that if a mukatab pays all his installments before the due time, it is valid, and his master does not have the right to refuse to accept it, because by this, the master removes every condition and service from his responsibility. This is because a person's freedom is not complete until his sanctity is fully established, his testimony becomes permissible, he becomes entitled to inheritance, and it is not appropriate for his master to impose any condition of work or service upon him after his freedom.
Hadith 1298B2
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي مُكَاتَبٍ مَرِضَ مَرَضًا شَدِيدًا، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ نُجُومَهُ كُلَّهَا إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ لِأَنْ يَرِثَهُ وَرَثَةٌ لَهُ أَحْرَارٌ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ فِي كِتَابَتِهِ وَلَدٌ لَهُ، قَالَ مَالِك : ذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ لَهُ، لِأَنَّهُ تَتِمُّ بِذَلِكَ حُرْمَتُهُ وَتَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ وَيَجُوزُ اعْتِرَافُهُ بِمَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دُيُونِ النَّاسِ وَتَجُوزُ وَصِيَّتُهُ، وَلَيْسَ لِسَيِّدِهِ أَنْ يَأْبَى ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، بِأَنْ يَقُولَ : فَرَّ مِنِّي بِمَالِهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a mukatab becomes seriously ill, and he wishes to pay all the installments to his master and become free so that his heirs, who are already free, may inherit from him and are not included in his contract of manumission, then this is permissible for the mukatab. This is because his sanctity is thus fulfilled, his testimony is valid, the acknowledgment of debts he makes to people is valid, his will is valid, and his master cannot object on the grounds that he wants to save his wealth.
