موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العتق والولاءBook: On the Explanation of Emancipation and Allegiance
بَابُ مِيرَاثِ السَّائِبَةِ وَوَلَاءِ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ الْيَهُودِيَّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّ
Chapter on Inheritance of a Freed Slave and Loyalty of One Who Freed a Jew or Christian
Hadith 1292
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنِ السَّائِبَةِ، قَالَ : " يُوَالِي مَنْ شَاءَ، فَإِنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يُوَالِي أَحَدًا، فَمِيرَاثُهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَقْلُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ " .
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) asked Ibn Shihab about the ruling of a Saibah. He said: A Saibah may contract wala' (alliance) with whomever he wishes. If he dies and does not contract wala' with anyone, his inheritance will go to the Muslims. If they (the Saibah) commit a crime, then the Muslims will pay the blood money.
Hadith 1292B1
قَالَ مَالِك : إِنَّ أَحْسَنَ مَا سُمِعَ فِي السَّائِبَةِ، أَنَّهُ لَا يُوَالِي أَحَدًا، وَأَنَّ مِيرَاثَهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَقْلَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ . قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الْيَهُودِيِّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ يُسْلِمُ عَبْدُ أَحَدِهِمَا فَيُعْتِقُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُبَاعَ عَلَيْهِ : إِنَّ وَلَاءَ الْعَبْدِ الْمُعْتَقِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَإِنْ أَسْلَمَ الْيَهُودِيُّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيُّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَرْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلَاءُ أَبَدًا . قَالَ : وَلَكِنْ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ الْيَهُودِيُّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيُّ عَبْدًا عَلَى دِينِهِمَا، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ الْمُعْتَقُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ الْيَهُودِيُّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيُّ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلَاءُ، لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ ثَبَتَ لَهُ الْوَلَاءُ يَوْمَ أَعْتَقَهُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In my view, a Saibah should not contract a bond of wala’ (alliance) with anyone, and her inheritance will go to the Muslims, and they will also pay her blood money. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the slave of a Jew or Christian becomes Muslim, and then his master sets him free, his wala’ will go to the Muslims. If after that, the Jew or Christian also becomes Muslim, the wala’ will not revert to him. However, if a Jew or Christian sets his slave free, and then the slave becomes Muslim, and after that his master also becomes Muslim, then the wala’ will go to him, because on the day of emancipation, he was entitled to the wala’.
Hadith 1292B2
. قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنْ كَانَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ وَلَدٌ مُسْلِمٌ، وَرِثَ مَوَالِيَ أَبِيهِ الْيَهُودِيِّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ إِذَا أَسْلَمَ الْمَوْلَى الْمُعْتَقُ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُعْتَقُ حِينَ أُعْتِقَ مُسْلِمًا، لَمْ يَكُنْ لِوَلَدِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ أَوِ الْيَهُودِيِّ الْمُسْلِمَيْنِ مِنْ وَلَاءِ الْعَبْدِ الْمُسْلِمِ شَيْءٌ، لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ وَلَا لِلنَّصْرَانِيِّ وَلَاءٌ، فَوَلَاءُ الْعَبْدِ الْمُسْلِمِ لِجَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the son of a Jew or a Christian becomes Muslim, he will inherit the wala’ of the slave freed by his father when that slave has become Muslim, but the father who freed him did not become Muslim. However, if the slave was already Muslim at the time of his emancipation, then the Muslim son of the Jew or Christian will not have the wala’; rather, it will be the right of the Muslims.
