موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العتق والولاءBook: On the Explanation of Emancipation and Allegiance
بَابُ جَرِّ الْعَبْدِ الْوَلَاءَ إِذَا أُعْتِقَ
Chapter on Inheritance of Loyalty for a Freed Slave
Hadith 1287
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ " اشْتَرَى عَبْدًا فَأَعْتَقَهُ، وَلِذَلِكَ الْعَبْدِ بَنُونَ مِنَ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ، فَلَمَّا أَعْتَقَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ، قَالَ : هُمْ مَوَالِيَّ، وَقَالَ مَوَالِي أُمِّهِمْ : بَلْ هُمْ مَوَالِينَا . فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، فَقَضَى عُثْمَانُ لِلزُّبَيْرِ بِوَلَائِهِمْ "
It is narrated from Rabi'ah bin Abi Abdur Rahman that Sayyiduna Zubair bin Al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) bought a slave and set him free. The children of this slave were from a free woman. When Sayyiduna Zubair bin Al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) freed the slave, he said: "His children are my clients (mawla) and their mother's." The people said: "They are our clients." Both parties disputed and went to Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). He (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled that their wala' (clientship) would go to Sayyiduna Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him).
Hadith 1288
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ سُئِلَ عَنْ عَبْدٍ لَهُ وَلَدٌ مِنَ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ، لِمَنْ وَلَاؤُهُمْ ؟ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ : " إِنْ مَاتَ أَبُوهُمْ وَهُوَ عَبْدٌ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ، فَوَلَاؤُهُمْ لِمَوَالِي أُمِّهِمْ " .
Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib was asked: If a slave's son is born from a free woman, to whom will the wala' (right of inheritance/freedom) of this boy go? Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib said: If the boy's father dies while still a slave, the wala' will go to the mawali (clients) of his mother.
Hadith 1288B1
. قَالَ مَالِك : وَمَثَلُ ذَلِكَ وَلَدُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ مِنَ الْمَوَالِي، يُنْسَبُ إِلَى مَوَالِي أُمِّهِ، فَيَكُونُونَ هُمْ مَوَالِيَهُ، إِنْ مَاتَ وَرِثُوهُ وَإِنْ جَرَّ جَرِيرَةً عَقَلُوا عَنْهُ، فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَ بِهِ أَبُوهُ أُلْحِقَ بِهِ، وَصَارَ وَلَاؤُهُ إِلَى مَوَالِي أَبِيهِ، وَكَانَ مِيرَاثُهُ لَهُمْ وَعَقْلُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيُجْلَدُ أَبُوهُ الْحَدَّ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The example of this is that the child of the woman who has undergone li'an will be attributed to the mawali of his mother. If he dies, they will be his heirs; if he commits manslaughter, they will pay the blood money. Then, if the husband of this woman acknowledges that this is his son, the wala' will go to the mawali of the father; they will be the heirs, they will pay the blood money, but the prescribed punishment for false accusation (qadhf) will befall his father.
Hadith 1288B2
. قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمُلَاعِنَةُ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ، إِذَا اعْتَرَفَ زَوْجُهَا الَّذِي لَاعَنَهَا بِوَلَدِهَا صَارَ بِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ بَقِيَّةَ مِيرَاثِهِ بَعْدَ مِيرَاثِ أُمِّهِ وَإِخْوَتِهِ لِأُمِّهِ لِعَامَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا لَمْ يُلْحَقْ بِأَبِيهِ، وَإِنَّمَا وَرَّثَ وَلَدُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ الْمُوَالَاةَ مَوَالِيَ أُمِّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْتَرِفَ بِهِ أَبُوهُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ نَسَبٌ وَلَا عَصَبَةٌ، فَلَمَّا ثَبَتَ نَسَبُهُ صَارَ إِلَى عَصَبَتِهِ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, if a woman who has undergone li'an is an Arab and her husband acknowledges the boy as his son, then the boy will be joined to his father. As long as the husband does not acknowledge him, the inheritance of that boy will be given to his mother and uterine brothers, and whatever remains will belong to the Muslims. And the inheritance of the boy born from li'an goes to the mawali of his mother because, as long as her husband has not acknowledged him, neither does the boy have lineage nor any 'asaba. When the husband acknowledges, the lineage is established, and he will be joined to his 'asaba.
Hadith 1288B3
. قَالَ مَالِك : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا فِي وَلَدِ الْعَبْدِ مِنَ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ وَأَبُو الْعَبْدِ حُرٌّ، أَنَّ الْجَدَّ أَبَا الْعَبْدِ يَجُرُّ وَلَاءَ وَلَدِ ابْنِهِ الْأَحْرَارِ مِنَ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ، يَرِثُهُمْ مَا دَامَ أَبُوهُمْ عَبْدًا، فَإِنْ عَتَقَ أَبُوهُمْ رَجَعَ الْوَلَاءُ إِلَى مَوَالِيهِ، وَإِنْ مَاتَ وَهُوَ عَبْدٌ كَانَ الْمِيرَاثُ وَالْوَلَاءُ لِلْجَدِّ، وَإِنِ الْعَبْدُ كَانَ لَهُ ابْنَانِ حُرَّانِ فَمَاتَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَأَبُوهُ عَبْدٌ جَرَّ الْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأَبِ الْوَلَاءَ وَالْمِيرَاثَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a slave has children from a free woman and the slave’s father is free, then the grandfather will be the owner of the wala’ of his grandson, as long as the father remains a slave. When the father becomes free, the wala’ will go to his mawali. If the father dies while still a slave, then the inheritance and wala’ will go to the grandfather. If one of the two free sons of this slave dies and their father is a slave, then the wala’ and inheritance will go to their grandfather.
Hadith 1288B4
. قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الْأَمَةِ تُعْتَقُ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ وَزَوْجُهَا مَمْلُوكٌ، ثُمَّ يَعْتِقُ زَوْجُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا أَوْ بَعْدَمَا تَضَعُ : إِنَّ وَلَاءَ مَا كَانَ فِي بَطْنِهَا لِلَّذِي أَعْتَقَ أُمَّهُ، لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدَ قَدْ كَانَ أَصَابَهُ الرِّقُّ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُعْتَقَ أُمُّهُ، وَلَيْسَ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الَّذِي تَحْمِلُ بِهِ أُمُّهُ بَعْدَ الْعَتَاقَةِ، لِأَنَّ الَّذِي تَحْمِلُ بِهِ أُمُّهُ بَعْدَ الْعَتَاقَةِ إِذَا عَتَقَ أَبُوهُ جَرَّ وَلَاءَهُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a pregnant slave woman is set free and her husband is a slave, then the husband is also set free either before or after she gives birth, the wala' (right of inheritance) of the child will go to the mawla (patron) of the mother, because this child became her slave before her emancipation. However, any pregnancy that occurs to this woman after her emancipation, its wala' will go to the father when he is set free. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a slave, with the permission of his mawla, sets his own slave free, then the wala' will go to the mawla, not to the slave, even if he is set free.
