موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العتق والولاءBook: On the Explanation of Emancipation and Allegiance
بَابُ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ مِنَ الْعِتْقِ فِي الرِّقَابِ الْوَاجِبَةِ
Impermissible emancipation in obligatory freeing of slaves
Hadith 1278
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، سُئِلَ عَنْ " الرَّقَبَةِ الْوَاجِبَةِ، هَلْ تُشْتَرَى بِشَرْطٍ ؟ فَقَالَ : لَا " .
It was asked of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) whether it is permissible to purchase a slave whose emancipation is obligatory with a condition. He said: No.
Hadith 1278B1
. قَالَ مَالِك : وَذَلِكَ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي الرِّقَابِ الْوَاجِبَةِ، أَنَّهُ لَا يَشْتَرِيهَا الَّذِي يُعْتِقُهَا فِيمَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ بِشَرْطٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْتِقَهَا، لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَتْ بِرَقَبَةٍ تَامَّةٍ، لِأَنَّهُ يَضَعُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا لِلَّذِي يَشْتَرِطُ مِنْ عِتْقِهَا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person is obliged to free a slave, he should not buy the slave with the condition that he will set him free, because if he buys with this condition, the seller will give a concession and reduce the price, and in this case, it will not be a complete freeing (of the slave).
Hadith 1278B2
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ الرَّقَبَةَ فِي التَّطَوُّعِ، وَيَشْتَرِطَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهَا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If someone wishes to free a slave voluntarily, he may do so by stipulating the condition of freedom.
Hadith 1278B3
. قَالَ مَالِك : إِنَّ أَحْسَنَ مَا سُمِعَ فِي الرِّقَابِ الْوَاجِبَةِ، أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ فِيهَا نَصْرَانِيٌّ وَلَا يَهُودِيٌّ، وَلَا يُعْتَقُ فِيهَا مُكَاتَبٌ وَلَا مُدَبَّرٌ، وَلَا أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَلَا مُعْتَقٌ إِلَى سِنِينَ وَلَا أَعْمَى، وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ النَّصْرَانِيُّ وَالْيَهُودِيُّ وَالْمَجُوسِيُّ تَطَوُّعًا، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى، قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ : فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً سورة محمد آية 4، فَالْمَنُّ : الْعَتَاقَةُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In those expiations where freeing a slave is obligatory, it is necessary that the slave be a Muslim. If the slave is a Christian, Jew, mukatab, mudabbar, mu‘taq ila ajal, umm walad, or blind, it is not valid. However, as a voluntary act, one may free a Jewish, Christian, or Magian slave, because Allah Almighty has said in His Book: ﴿فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً﴾ "Mannan" means to set free without compensation.
Hadith 1278B4
قَالَ مَالِك : فَأَمَّا الرِّقَابُ الْوَاجِبَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي الْكِتَابِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُعْتَقُ فِيهَا إِلَّا رَقَبَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ . قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ فِي إِطْعَامِ الْمَسَاكِينِ فِي الْكَفَّارَاتِ، لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُطْعَمَ فِيهَا إِلَّا الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَلَا يُطْعَمُ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The slave whose emancipation is obligatory must be a Muslim, and likewise, in expiations, only those needy people should be fed who are Muslims; it is not permissible for disbelievers.
