موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العتق والولاءBook: On the Explanation of Emancipation and Allegiance
بَابُ مَا يَجُوزُ مِنَ الْعِتْقِ فِي الرِّقَابِ الْوَاجِبَةِ
Permissible emancipation in obligatory freeing of slaves
Hadith 1274
حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ جَارِيَةً لِي كَانَتْ تَرْعَى غَنَمًا لِي، فَجِئْتُهَا وَقَدْ فُقِدَتْ شَاةٌ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ، فَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنْهَا، فَقَالَتْ : أَكَلَهَا الذِّئْبُ . فَأَسِفْتُ عَلَيْهَا، وَكُنْتُ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ فَلَطَمْتُ وَجْهَهَا وَعَلَيَّ رَقَبَةٌ، أَفَأُعْتِقُهَا ؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيْنَ اللَّهُ ؟ " فَقَالَتْ : فِي السَّمَاءِ . فَقَالَ : " مَنْ أَنَا ؟ " فَقَالَتْ : أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَعْتِقْهَا "
It is narrated from Hazrat Umar bin Hakam that I came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said: O Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon you! I have a slave girl who was grazing sheep. When I went there, I saw that one sheep was missing. I asked: Where is the sheep? She replied: A wolf has eaten it. I became angry, after all, I am a man, so I slapped her on the face. It is obligatory upon me to free a slave; should I free her? The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, asked the slave girl: "Where is Allah, the Glorious and Majestic?" She replied: In the sky. Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, asked: "Who am I?" She replied: You are the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to that man: "Free her."
Hadith 1275
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجَارِيَةٍ لَهُ سَوْدَاءَ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ عَلَيَّ رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً، فَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَرَاهَا مُؤْمِنَةً، أُعْتِقُهَا ؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَتَشْهَدِينَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ؟ " قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : " أَتَشْهَدِينَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ؟ " قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : أَتُوقِنِينَ بِالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَعْتِقْهَا "
It is narrated from ‘Ubaydullah bin ‘Abdullah bin ‘Utbah bin Mas‘ud that an Ansari man brought a black slave-girl to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: O Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace! It is obligatory upon me to free a believing slave. Should I free her? If you say that she is a believer, I will free her. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to the slave-girl: “Do you believe that there is no true god except Allah?” She replied: Yes. Then he said: “Do you believe that Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is the Messenger of Allah?” She replied: Yes. He said: “Do you believe that you will be resurrected after death?” She replied: Yes. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Free her.”
Hadith 1276
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : سُئِلَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ " الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ رَقَبَةٌ، هَلْ يُعْتِقُ فِيهَا ابْنَ زِنًا ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ : نَعَمْ، ذَلِكَ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ "
It was asked of Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) whether a person upon whom it has become obligatory to free a slave can free a child of adultery. He replied: Yes, he can.
Hadith 1277
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ " الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ رَقَبَةٌ، هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ وَلَدَ زِنًا ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ، ذَلِكَ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ "
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Fadala bin Ubaid Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) that he was asked: If a person is obliged to free a slave, can he free a child of adultery? He replied: Yes, he can.
