موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العتق والولاءBook: On the Explanation of Emancipation and Allegiance
بَابُ عِتْقِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ وَجَامِعِ الْقَضَاءِ فِي الْعَتَاقَةِ
Freeing mothers of children and comprehensive rulings on emancipation
Hadith 1272
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ : " أَيُّمَا وَلِيدَةٍ وَلَدَتْ مِنْ سَيِّدِهَا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَبِيعُهَا وَلَا يَهَبُهَا وَلَا يُوَرِّثُهَا وَهُوَ يَسْتَمْتِعُ بِهَا، فَإِذَا مَاتَ، فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ "
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If a slave woman gives birth to a child from her master, then the master should neither sell her nor gift her, nor can she come into the ownership of the master's heirs. Rather, as long as the master is alive, he may benefit from her, and when he dies, she will become free.
Hadith 1273
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ " أَتَتْهُ وَلِيدَةٌ قَدْ ضَرَبَهَا سَيِّدُهَا بِنَارٍ أَوْ أَصَابَهَا بِهَا، فَأَعْتَقَهَا " .
A slave girl was brought to Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) whose master had burned her with fire, so he (may Allah be pleased with him) set her free.
Hadith 1273B1
. قَالَ مَالِك : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجُوزُ عَتَاقَةُ رَجُلٍ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ يُحِيطُ بِمَالِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا تَجُوزُ عَتَاقَةُ الْغُلَامِ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ أَوْ يَبْلُغَ مَبْلَغَ الْمُحْتَلِمِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا تَجُوزُ عَتَاقَةُ الْمُوَلَّى عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ وَإِنْ بَلَغَ الْحُلُمَ حَتَّى يَلِيَ مَالَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person has so much debt that all his wealth could go towards paying it off, then if he frees a slave man or woman, it is not valid. Similarly, it is not valid for a minor to free his slave man or woman until he reaches maturity, nor for his guardian as long as his guardianship remains.
