موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب الطلاقBook: On the Explanation of Divorce
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي نَفَقَةِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ
Chapter on What is Reported Regarding Maintenance of a Divorced Woman
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Hadith 1205
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ مَوْلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَمْرِو بْنَ حَفْصٍ طَلَّقَهَا الْبَتَّةَ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ بِالشَّامِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهَا وَكِيلُهُ بِشَعِيرٍ فَسَخِطَتْهُ، فَقَالَ : وَاللَّهِ مَا لَكِ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ، فَجَاءَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ : لَيْسَ لَكِ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَةٌ، وَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ أُمِّ شَرِيكٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : تِلْكَ امْرَأَةٌ يَغْشَاهَا أَصْحَابِي، اعْتَدِّي عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، فَإِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ أَعْمَى تَضَعِينَ ثِيَابَكِ عِنْدَهُ، فَإِذَا حَلَلْتِ فَآذِنِينِي، قَالَتْ : فَلَمَّا حَلَلْتُ ذَكَرْتُ لَهُ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَأَبَا جَهْمِ بْنَ هِشَامٍ، خَطَبَانِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَمَّا أَبُو جَهْمٍ، فَلَا يَضَعُ عَصَاهُ عَنْ عَاتِقِهِ، وَأَمَّا مُعَاوِيَةُ فَصُعْلُوكٌ، لَا مَالَ لَهُ، انْكِحِي أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ "، قَالَتْ : فَكَرِهْتُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " انْكِحِي أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ "، فَنَكَحْتُهُ، فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ خَيْرًا، وَاغْتَبَطْتُ بِهِ
Fatimah bint Qais was divorced by Abu Amr ibn Hafs with a final irrevocable divorce while he was in Syria. He sent his agent to her with some barley. Fatimah bint Qais became upset. The agent said: "You are not entitled to anything." Fatimah, being upset, went to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. He said: "Indeed, you have no maintenance from your husband, and you should observe your waiting period in the house of Umm Sharik." Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "My companions frequently visit Umm Sharik's house day and night. Observe your waiting period in the house of Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum, for he is blind. If you remove your clothes, there will be no problem." When your waiting period is over, inform me." Fatimah bint Qais said: "When my waiting period was over, I informed the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, that Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan and Abu Jahm ibn Hisham had both proposed to me." The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Abu Jahm never puts down his stick from his shoulder, and Muawiyah is poor, he has no wealth. Marry Usamah ibn Zayd." I disliked Usamah. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, again said: "Marry Usamah." Fatimah said: "So I married Usamah. Allah put blessing in it and people began to envy me."
Hadith 1206
قَالَ مالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِي طَلَاقِ الْعَبْدِ الْأَمَةَ، إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا وَهِيَ أَمَةٌ، ثُمَّ عَتَقَتْ بَعْدُ، فَعِدَّتُهَا عِدَّةُ الْأَمَةِ، لَا يُغَيِّرُ عِدَّتَهَا عِتْقُهَا، كَانَتْ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ، أَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ. لَا تَنْتَقِلُ عِدَّتُهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a slave woman is divorced by a slave man and then that slave woman is set free, her waiting period (‘iddah) is that of a slave woman, whether or not the slave man retains the right to take her back.
َالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الْحَدُّ يَقَعُ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ، ثُمَّ يَعْتِقُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ، فَإِنَّمَا حَدُّهُ حَدُّ عَبْدٍ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Likewise, if a hadd punishment becomes obligatory upon a slave, then he is set free, the hadd will remain as it was for a slave.
قَالَ مَالِكٍ : وَالْحُرُّ يُطَلِّقُ الْأَمَةَ ثَلَاثًا، وَتَعْتَدُّ بِحَيْضَتَيْنِ، وَالْعَبْدُ يُطَلِّقُ الْحُرَّةَ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، وَتَعْتَدُّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ۔
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that a free man has the right to pronounce three divorces upon a slave woman, but the waiting period (‘iddah) for the slave woman is two menstrual cycles, and a slave has the right to pronounce two divorces upon a free woman, but her waiting period is three periods of purity.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ تَحْتَهُ الْأَمَةُ، ثُمَّ يَبْتَاعُهَا فَيَعْتِقُهَا، إِنَّهَا تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةَ الْأَمَةِ حَيْضَتَيْنِ، مَا لَمْ يُصِبْهَا، فَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا بَعْدَ مِلْكِهِ إِيَّاهَا قَبْلَ عِتَاقِهَا، لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا الِاسْتِبْرَاءُ بِحَيْضَةٍ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a slave girl is in someone's marriage, then the husband buys her and sets her free, she should observe the waiting period of two menstruations if he did not have intercourse with her after buying her; otherwise, one menstruation for istibra is sufficient.
عَنِ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ يَقُولُ : الْمَبْتُوتَةُ لَا تَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا، حَتَّى تَحِلَّ، وَلَيْسَتْ لَهَا نَفَقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ حَامِلًا، فَيُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا.
Ibn Shihab says: A woman who has been given three divorces should not leave her house until her waiting period (‘iddah) is completed, and she will not receive maintenance except if she is pregnant, in which case she will receive it until delivery.
