موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الطلاقBook: On the Explanation of Divorce
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي اللِّعَانِ
Chapter on What is Reported Regarding Li'an (Mutual Cursing)
Hadith 1169
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، أَنَّ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ عُوَيْمِرًا الْعَجْلَانِيَّ جَاءَ إِلَى عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : يَا عَاصِمُ، أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا، أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ، أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ ؟ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَسَائِلَ، وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، جَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ، فَقَالَ : يَا عَاصِمُ، مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ، لِعُوَيْمِرٍ : لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ، قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ : وَاللَّهِ لَا أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا، فَقَامَ عُوَيْمِرٌ، حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَسَطَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا، أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ، أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " قَدْ أُنْزِلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ، فَاذْهَبْ فَأْتِ بِهَا "، قَالَ سَهْلٌ : فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا مِنْ تَلَاعُنِهِمَا، قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ : كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ : فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ بَعْدُ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sa’d Sa’idi (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Uwaymir ‘Ajlani (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Sayyiduna ‘Asim bin ‘Adi (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked, “If a person finds another man with his wife, what should he do? If he kills him, he himself will be killed. Ask the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about this issue for me.” Sayyiduna ‘Asim (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about this issue, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) disliked this question and spoke harshly about it. This matter was very difficult for Sayyiduna ‘Asim (may Allah be pleased with him). When he returned home, Sayyiduna Uwaymir ‘Ajlani (may Allah be pleased with him) came and asked, “What did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say?” Sayyiduna ‘Asim (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “I did not benefit from you; the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) disliked this question.” Sayyiduna Uwaymir ‘Ajlani (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “By Allah! I will not rest until I ask the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) myself.” Then Sayyiduna Uwaymir ‘Ajlani (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) while the people were all gathered, and he asked, “O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)! If a man finds another man with his wife and kills him, he himself will be killed. What should he do?” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Allah’s command has come regarding you and your wife. Bring your wife.” Sayyiduna Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Both of them came and performed li’an (mutual cursing) before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and I was present at that time. When they finished the li’an, Sayyiduna Uwaymir ‘Ajlani (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)! If I keep this woman, it is as if I have lied,” and with that, he pronounced three divorces without the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) telling him to do so. Ibn Shihab said: Then this became the established practice for those who perform li’an.
Hadith 1170
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ : " أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَانْتَفَلَ مِنْ وَلَدِهَا، فَفَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, that a man performed li'an with his wife during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and he said about the boy that he was not his. So the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, separated the two and handed the boy over to the mother.
Hadith 1170B1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : «وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلا أَنْفُسُهُمْ فَشَهَادَةُ أَحَدِهِمْ أَرْبَعُ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ »(24-النور:6) «وَالْخَامِسَةُ أَنَّ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ »(24-النور:7) «وَيَدْرَأُ عَنْهَا الْعَذَابَ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ »(24-النور:8) «وَالْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ» (24-النور:9).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that Allah the Exalted said: "And those who accuse their wives and have no witnesses except themselves, then the testimony of such a person is that he should testify four times by Allah that he is surely telling the truth, and the fifth time he should say that the curse of Allah be upon him if he is lying. And the punishment is averted from the woman in this way: that she testifies four times by Allah that he is surely lying, and the fifth time she should say that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he is telling the truth."
Hadith 1170B2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : السُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ لَا يَتَنَاكَحَانِ أَبَدًا، وَإِنْ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ، وَأُلْحِقَ بِهِ الْوَلَدُ وَلَمْ تَرْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ أَبَدًا، وَعَلَى هَذَا السُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا الَّتِي لَا شَكَّ فِيهَا، وَلَا اخْتِلَافَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the Sunnah is that those who have engaged in li'an can never marry each other again, and if the husband, after li'an, retracts his statement, then the punishment for false accusation (qadhf) will be imposed on him. And the lineage of the child will be attributed to him again. This is the Sunnah that has been passed down among us, in which there is neither any doubt nor disagreement.
Hadith 1170B3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِذَا فَارَقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فِرَاقًا بَاتًّا لَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا فِيهِ رَجْعَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَنْكَرَ حَمْلَهَا، لَاعَنَهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ حَامِلًا، وَكَانَ حَمْلُهَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْهُ إِذَا ادَّعَتْهُ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِ دُونَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الزَّمَانِ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ، فَلَا يُعْرَفُ أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ۔ ¤ قَالَ : فَهَذَا الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا، وَالَّذِي سَمِعْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: When a man gives his wife an irrevocable divorce, then denies her pregnancy by saying that it is not his, then li'an will be obligatory, provided that the pregnancy is of such duration that it could be his.
Hadith 1170B4
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِذَا قَذَفَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا، وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ، يُقِرُّ بِحَمْلِهَا، ثُمَّ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ رَآهَا تَزْنِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا، جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ وَلَمْ يُلَاعِنْهَا، وَإِنْ أَنْكَرَ حَمْلَهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا لَاعَنَهَا . قَالَ : وَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ .
This is the ruling according to us, and this is what we have heard.
Hadith 1170B5
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَالْعَبْدُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْحُرِّ فِي قَذْفِهِ وَلِعَانِهِ، يَجْرِي مَجْرَى الْحُرِّ فِي مُلَاعَنَتِهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى مَنْ قَذَفَ مَمْلُوكَةً حَدٌّ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a man gives his wife three divorces and she admits to being pregnant, and after that he accuses her of adultery, then the punishment of false accusation (hadd al-qadhf) will be imposed on the husband and li'an will not be obligatory for him. However, if after the divorce he denies her pregnancy, then li'an is obligatory. This is what I have heard.
Hadith 1170B6
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَالْأَمَةُ الْمُسْلِمَةُ وَالْحُرَّةُ النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ وَالْيَهُودِيَّةُ تُلَاعِنُ الْحُرَّ الْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ إِحْدَاهُنَّ، فَأَصَابَهَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ :« وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ » (سورة النور آية 6)، فَهُنَّ مِنَ الْأَزْوَاجِ، وَعَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that a slave is like a free person in both li'an and qadhf, but whoever accuses a slave-girl of adultery, the hadd of qadhf will not be obligatory upon him.
Hadith 1170B7
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَالْعَبْدُ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةَ الْحُرَّةَ الْمُسْلِمَةَ، أَوِ الْأَمَةَ الْمُسْلِمَةَ، أَوِ الْحُرَّةَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ أَوِ الْيَهُودِيَّةَ، لَاعَنَهَا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: When a Muslim free man marries a Muslim slave woman, a free woman, a Jewish woman, or a Christian woman, and accuses her of adultery, then li'an will be obligatory.
Hadith 1170B8
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُلَاعِنُ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَيَنْزِعُ وَيُكَذِّبُ نَفْسَهُ بَعْدَ يَمِينٍ أَوْ يَمِينَيْنِ، مَا لَمْ يَلْتَعِنْ فِي الْخَامِسَةِ : إِنَّهُ إِذَا نَزَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَلْتَعِنَ، جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ، وَلَمْ يُفَرَّقْ بَيْنَهُمَا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a man performs li'an with his wife, and then after one or two testimonies denies himself, the hadd of qadhf will be applied to him and separation will not occur.
Hadith 1170B9
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَإِذَا مَضَتِ الثَّلَاثَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ، قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ : أَنَا حَامِلٌ، قَالَ : إِنْ أَنْكَرَ زَوْجُهَا حَمْلَهَا، لَاعَنَهَا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a man divorces his wife, and after three months the woman says: "I am pregnant," and the husband denies her pregnancy, then li'an will be obligatory.
Hadith 1170B10
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْأَمَةِ الْمَمْلُوكَةِ يُلَاعِنُهَا زَوْجُهَا ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيهَا : إِنَّهُ لَا يَطَؤُهَا، وَإِنْ مَلَكَهَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ مَضَتْ أَنَّ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ لَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ أَبَدًا .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a man performs li'an with his slave woman and then buys her, he should not have intercourse with her, because the established Sunnah is that those who have performed li'an are never joined together.
Hadith 1170B11
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : إِذَا لَاعَنَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا، فَلَيْسَ لَهَا إِلَّا نِصْفُ الصَّدَاقِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a husband performs li'an with his wife before consummation, then the woman will receive half the dowry.
