موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب النكاحBook: On the Explanation of Marriage
بَابُ نِكَاحِ الْمُشْرِكِ إِذَا أَسْلَمَتْ زَوْجَتُهُ قَبْلَهُ
Chapter on Marriage of a Polytheist if His Wife Converts Before Him
Hadith 1118
حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ نِسَاءً كُنَّ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُسْلِمْنَ بِأَرْضِهِنَّ وَهُنَّ غَيْرُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ، وَأَزْوَاجُهُنَّ حِينَ أَسْلَمْنَ كُفَّارٌ، مِنْهُنَّ بِنْتُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، فَأَسْلَمَتْ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، وَهَرَبَ زَوْجُهَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ابْنَ عَمِّهِ وَهْبَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ بِرِدَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَانًا لِصَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَدَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَنْ يَقْدَمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ رَضِيَ أَمْرًا قَبِلَهُ، وَإِلَّا سَيَّرَهُ شَهْرَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ صَفْوَانُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِرِدَائِهِ، نَادَاهُ عَلَى رُءُوسِ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ : يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إِنَّ هَذَا وَهْبَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ جَاءَنِي بِرِدَائِكَ، وَزَعَمَ أَنَّكَ دَعَوْتَنِي إِلَى الْقُدُومِ عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنْ رَضِيتُ أَمْرًا قَبِلْتُهُ، وَإِلَّا سَيَّرْتَنِي شَهْرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " انْزِلْ أَبَا وَهْبٍ "، فَقَالَ : لَا، وَاللَّهِ لَا أَنْزِلُ حَتَّى تُبَيِّنَ لِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " بَلْ لَكَ تَسِيرُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ "، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قِبَلَ هَوَازِنَ، بِحُنَيْنٍ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ يَسْتَعِيرُهُ أَدَاةً وَسِلَاحًا عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ : أَطَوْعًا أَمْ كَرْهًا ؟ فَقَالَ : بَلْ طَوْعًا، فَأَعَارَهُ الْأَدَاةَ وَالسِّلَاحَ الَّذِي عِنْدَهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ صَفْوَانُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ، فَشَهِدَ حُنَيْنًا، وَالطَّائِفَ، وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ وَامْرَأَتُهُ مُسْلِمَةٌ، وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، حَتَّى أَسْلَمَ صَفْوَانُ، وَاسْتَقَرَّتْ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ بِذَلِكَ النِّكَاحِ
It is narrated from Ibn Shihab that some women in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would become Muslim in their own land, but would not migrate, and their husbands would be disbelievers. Among these women was Atikah, the daughter of Walid bin Mughirah, who was married to Safwan bin Umayyah. She became Muslim on the day of the conquest of Makkah, and her husband Safwan fled. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent her cousin Wahb bin Umair with his cloak as a sign to Safwan, granting him protection and inviting him to Islam, and sent word to him: "Come to me if you wish; if you do not wish to become Muslim, you will have a respite of two months." When Safwan came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, bringing his cloak, he called out before the people: "O Muhammad! Wahb bin Umair came to me with your cloak and told me that you have called me on the condition that if I wish, I may become Muslim, and if not, I will have a respite of two months." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Dismount, O Abu Wahb!" Safwan said: "By Allah, I will never dismount until you declare to me that Wahb bin Umair's message is true." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Not only that, I grant you a respite of four months." Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to the tribe of Hawazin at Hunayn, and he borrowed some weapons and equipment from Safwan. Safwan said: "Are you taking them willingly or by force?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Willingly." Safwan gave the weapons and equipment. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned, and Safwan remained with him in a state of disbelief during the Battle of Hunayn and at Ta'if, and his wife remained a Muslim, but the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not separate his wife from him until Safwan also became Muslim, and his wife continued to remain with him.
Hadith 1119
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " كَانَ بَيْنَ إِسْلَامِ صَفْوَانَ وَبَيْنَ إِسْلَامِ امْرَأَتِهِ نَحْوٌ مِنْ شَهْرٍ " . قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ : " وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ امْرَأَةً هَاجَرَتْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَزَوْجُهَا كَافِرٌ مُقِيمٌ بِدَارِ الْكُفْرِ، إِلَّا فَرَّقَتْ هِجْرَتُهَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ زَوْجِهَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَقْدَمَ زَوْجُهَا مُهَاجِرًا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا "
Ibn Shihab said that Safwan's wife had accepted Islam one month before her husband, and that any woman who becomes Muslim in the land of disbelief and migrates to the land of Islam will be separated from her husband, and after completing her waiting period ('iddah), she may marry another man, except in the case where her husband also becomes Muslim and joins her during her waiting period.
Hadith 1120
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، أَنَّ أُمَّ حَكِيمٍ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، فَأَسْلَمَتْ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، وَهَرَبَ زَوْجُهَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْيَمَنَ، فَارْتَحَلَتْ أُمُّ حَكِيمٍ حَتَّى قَدِمَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِالْيَمَنِ، فَدَعَتْهُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَأَسْلَمَ وَقَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، " فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَثَبَ إِلَيْهِ فَرِحًا، وَمَا عَلَيْهِ رِدَاءٌ، حَتَّى بَايَعَهُ، فَثَبَتَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا ذَلِكَ " . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِذَا أَسْلَمَ الرَّجُلُ قَبْلَ امْرَأَتِهِ، وَقَعَتِ الْفُرْقَةُ بَيْنَهُمَا إِذَا عُرِضَ عَلَيْهَا الْإِسْلَامُ فَلَمْ تُسْلِمْ، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ : وَلا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ سورة الممتحنة آية 10
It is narrated from Ibn Shihab that Umm Hakim, the wife of Ikrimah bin Abu Jahl, became Muslim on the day of the conquest of Makkah, and her husband Ikrimah fled to Yemen. Umm Hakim also went there and invited him to Islam, so he became Muslim and came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) that same year. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) saw him, he stood up happily and took his pledge of allegiance, and at that time there was no cloak on the blessed body of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Then both husband and wife remained in their marriage.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When a man becomes Muslim before his wife, and the wife is asked to become Muslim but she does not, then the marriage will be annulled, because Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, says in His Book: «﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ﴾ [الممتحنة: 10]» meaning, "Do not keep relations with disbelieving women."
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When a man becomes Muslim before his wife, and the wife is asked to become Muslim but she does not, then the marriage will be annulled, because Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, says in His Book: «﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ﴾ [الممتحنة: 10]» meaning, "Do not keep relations with disbelieving women."
