موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب النذور والأيمانBook: On the Explanation of Vows
بَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ مِنَ الْأَيْمَانِ
Oaths that require expiation
Hadith 1020
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا، فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَلْيَفْعَلِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever swears an oath regarding something, then finds something better than it, should pay the expiation for his oath and do what is better."
Hadith 1020B1
قَالَ يَحْيَى : وَسَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا، يَقُولُ : مَنْ قَالَ : عَلَيَّ نَذْرٌ، وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ شَيْئًا إِنَّ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةَ يَمِينٍ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever says, "I have taken a vow upon myself," and does not specify what the vow is for, then the expiation for an oath is obligatory upon him.
Hadith 1020B2
قَالَ مَالِك : فَأَمَّا التَّوْكِيدُ فَهُوَ حَلِفُ الْإِنْسَانِ فِي الشَّيْءِ الْوَاحِدِ مِرَارًا، يُرَدِّدُ فِيهِ الْأَيْمَانَ يَمِينًا بَعْدَ يَمِينٍ، كَقَوْلِهِ : وَاللَّهِ لَا أَنْقُصُهُ مِنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا، يَحْلِفُ بِذَلِكَ مِرَارًا ثَلَاثًا أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ : فَكَفَّارَةُ ذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ مِثْلُ كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ
He said: A person swore an oath saying, "By Allah, I will not eat this food, I will not wear this garment, and I will not enter the house." Then he did all these things, so only one expiation will be required. Its example is like a man saying to his wife, "You are divorced if I make you wear this garment, and if I permit you to go to the mosque." This will be considered as one statement. Now, if any one of these matters occurs, the divorce will take place. Then if the second matter occurs, divorce will not take place again.
Hadith 1020B3
فَإِنْ حَلَفَ رَجُلٌ مَثَلًا، فَقَالَ : وَاللَّهِ لَا آكُلُ هَذَا الطَّعَامَ وَلَا أَلْبَسُ هَذَا الثَّوْبَ، وَلَا أَدْخُلُ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ، فَكَانَ هَذَا فِي يَمِينٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ كَقَوْلِ الرَّجُلِ لِامْرَأَتِهِ : أَنْتِ الطَّلَاقُ إِنْ كَسَوْتُكِ هَذَا الثَّوْبَ، وَأَذِنْتُ لَكِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ نَسَقًا مُتَتَابِعًا فِي كَلَامٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَإِنْ حَنِثَ فِي شَيْءٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّلَاقُ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا فَعَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حِنْثٌ، إِنَّمَا الْحِنْثُ فِي ذَلِكَ حِنْثٌ وَاحِدٌ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: It is permissible for a woman to make a vow without her husband's permission, as long as the vow does not cause any harm to the husband. If it does cause harm to the husband, he can prevent her from fulfilling it. However, the vow will remain obligatory upon the woman, and she should fulfill it when the opportunity arises.
