موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب النذور والأيمانBook: On the Explanation of Vows
بَابُ اللَّغْوِ فِي الْيَمِينِ
Idle oaths
Hadith 1018
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقُولُ : " لَغْوُ الْيَمِينِ قَوْلُ الْإِنْسَانِ : لَا وَاللَّهِ، وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ " .
Umm al-Mu'minin Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) used to say that a vain oath is that which a person utters in conversation (such as) "No, by Allah," "Yes, by Allah."
Hadith 1018B1
قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي هَذَا، أَنَّ اللَّغْوَ حَلِفُ الْإِنْسَانِ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ يَسْتَيْقِنُ أَنَّهُ كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُوجَدُ عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ اللَّغْوُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: There are three types of oaths:
One is the "idle oath" (laghw qasm): it is when a person swears an oath thinking something to be true, then it turns out to be otherwise.
One is the "idle oath" (laghw qasm): it is when a person swears an oath thinking something to be true, then it turns out to be otherwise.
Hadith 1018B2
قَالَ مَالِك : وَعَقْدُ الْيَمِينِ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ الرَّجُلُ أَنْ لَا يَبِيعَ ثَوْبَهُ بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ، ثُمَّ يَبِيعَهُ بِذَلِكَ أَوْ يَحْلِفَ لَيَضْرِبَنَّ غُلَامَهُ، ثُمَّ لَا يَضْرِبُهُ وَنَحْوَ هَذَا فَهَذَا الَّذِي يُكَفِّرُ صَاحِبُهُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَلَيْسَ فِي اللَّغْوِ كَفَّارَةٌ
The second is the "binding oath," which is sworn regarding doing or not doing something in the future. For example, one says: "By Allah, I will not sell my garment for ten dinars," then he sells it; or "By Allah, I will beat his slave," then he does not beat him. Expiation becomes obligatory for this oath.
Hadith 1018B3
قَالَ مَالِك : فَأَمَّا الَّذِي يَحْلِفُ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ آثِمٌ، وَيَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ، لِيُرْضِيَ بِهِ أَحَدًا، أَوْ لِيَعْتَذِرَ بِهِ إِلَى مُعْتَذَرٍ إِلَيْهِ، أَوْ لِيَقْطَعَ بِهِ مَالًا فَهَذَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ تَكُونَ فِيهِ كَفَّارَةٌ
The third is "Ghamoos," when a person knows that a certain thing did not happen, yet deliberately swears a false oath that it did happen, either to please someone, to have an excuse accepted, or to usurp someone's property. The sin of this oath is so great that its expiation cannot be made in this world.
