موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب النذور والأيمانBook: On the Explanation of Vows
بَابُ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ مِنَ النُّذُورِ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللّٰهِ
Vows that are not permissible if they involve disobedience to Allah
Hadith 1015
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، وَثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ أَنَّهُمَا أَخْبَرَاهُ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَحَدُهُمَا يَزِيدُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأَى رَجُلًا قَائِمًا فِي الشَّمْسِ، فَقَالَ : " مَا بَالُ هَذَا ؟ " فَقَالُوا : نَذَرَ أَنْ لَا يَتَكَلَّمَ وَلَا يَسْتَظِلَّ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ، وَلَا يَجْلِسَ وَيَصُومَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مُرُوهُ فَلْيَتَكَلَّمْ، وَلْيَسْتَظِلَّ وَلْيَجْلِسْ وَلْيُتِمَّ صِيَامَهُ " .
It is narrated from Humaid bin Qais and Thawr bin Zaid that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, saw a man standing in the sun. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, asked about the reason for this. People said: He has vowed that he will not speak to anyone, will not take shade, will not sit, and will remain fasting. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Order him to speak, to come into the shade, to sit, and to complete his fast."
Hadith 1015B1
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَهُ بِكَفَّارَةٍ، وَقَدْ أَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ طَاعَةً، وَيَتْرُكَ مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ مَعْصِيَةً
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: I have not heard that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered expiation for this; rather, he, peace and blessings be upon him, said that one should complete what is an act of worship and abandon what is bad.
Hadith 1016
مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ : أَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَتْ : إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَنْحَرَ ابْنِي، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : لَا تَنْحَرِي ابْنَكِ، وَكَفِّرِي عَنْ يَمِينِكِ، فَقَالَ شَيْخٌ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : وَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ فِي هَذَا كَفَّارَةٌ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : إِنَّ اللهَ قَالَ : « الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ » (58-المجادلة:2)ثُمَّ جَعَلَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ مَا رَأَيْتَ .
It is narrated from Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) that a woman came to Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) and said, "Indeed, I have made a vow that I will sacrifice my son." So Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said, "Do not slaughter your son, and pay the expiation for your oath." Then an elder who was present with Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said, "How can there be expiation in this case? (This is a vow of disobedience, and that is considered void.)" So Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said, "Indeed, Allah the Exalted has said: « الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ » (58-Al-Mujadila:2) 'Those among you who declare their wives unlawful (by zihar)...' (Zihar is also an act of disobedience), yet Allah has prescribed in it the expiation which you already know."
Hadith 1017
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْأَيْلِيِّ ، عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ابْنِ الصِّدِّيقِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ، وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ " .
Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) was asked: A man said, "My wealth is dedicated (waqf) at the door of the Ka'bah." She said: In this, the expiation (kaffarah) of an oath will be required.
Hadith 1017B1
قَالَ يَحْيَى : سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا يَقُولُ : مَعْنَى قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ، إِنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِلَى الشَّأْمِ، أَوْ إِلَى مِصْرَ، أَوْ إِلَى الرَّبَذَةِ، أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا لَيْسَ لِلهِ بِطَاعَةٍ، إِنْ كَلَّمَ فُلَانًا، أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ، فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ، إِنْ هُوَ كَلَّمَهُ، أَوْ حَنِثَ بِمَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلهِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ طَاعَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى لِلهِ بِمَا لَهُ فِيهِ طَاعَةٌ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Regarding the statement of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him: "Whoever makes a vow to disobey Allah should not disobey Him," its meaning is that if a person makes a vow to walk on foot to Syria, Egypt, Rabadhah, or any similar place—places in which (walking to them) is not an act of obedience to Allah—and (before making such a vow) he says that if he speaks to a certain person or says something similar, then he will walk on foot to Egypt or Syria, etc., then if he does speak to that person or breaks his oath by acting contrary to what he swore, nothing will be obligatory upon him regarding any of these things, because in these matters there is no obedience to Allah, and fulfillment is only for that which involves obedience to Allah.
