موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الجهادBook: On the Explanation of Jihad
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي السَّلَبِ فِي النَّفَلِ
What is reported about spoils in voluntary battle
Hadith 976
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ، قَالَ : فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، قَدْ عَلَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، قَالَ : فَاسْتَدَرْتُ لَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً، وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي . قَالَ : فَلَقِيتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقُلْتُ : مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ ؟ فَقَالَ : أَمْرُ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ رَجَعُوا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ "، قَالَ : فَقُمْتُ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ : مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ "، قَالَ : فَقُمْتُ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ : مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ ذَلِكَ الثَّالِثَةَ، فَقُمْتُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ ؟ "، قَالَ : فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ : صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي، فَأَرْضِهِ عَنْهُ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : لَا هَاءَ اللَّهِ إِذًا لَا يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ، عَنِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " صَدَقَ فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ "، فَأَعْطَانِيهِ، فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ، فَاشْتَرَيْتُ بِهِ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah bin Rabi’i (may Allah be pleased with him) that we went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the Battle of Hunayn. When we met the disbelievers, there was confusion among the Muslims. I saw a disbeliever who had overpowered a Muslim, so I came from behind and struck his neck with a sword. He rushed towards me and pressed me so hard that I felt the taste of death, then he himself died and left me. Then I met Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and I said: What happened to the people today? He replied: This is the decree of Allah. Then the Muslims returned, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever kills a person, his belongings will be given to him, provided he brings proof over it.” Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: When I heard this, I stood up, then I thought, who is my witness? So I sat down. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever kills a person, his belongings will be given to him, provided he brings proof over it.” So I stood up, then I thought, where are the witnesses? Then I remained seated. Then for the third time, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said the same. I stood up, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “What happened to you, O Abu Qatadah?” I narrated the whole story. Meanwhile, a man said: He has spoken the truth, O Messenger of Allah! And the belongings of that disbeliever are with me, so please have them pardoned from me for him. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! This will never happen, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) will never intend that a lion among the lions of Allah fights for Allah and His Messenger, and the belongings go to you. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Abu Bakr has spoken the truth, give the belongings to Abu Qatadah.” He gave them to me, I sold the armor and bought a garden in the locality of Banu Salamah, and this was the first wealth I acquired in Islam.
Hadith 977
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا، يَسْأَلُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : " الْفَرَسُ مِنَ النَّفَلِ، وَالسَّلَبُ مِنَ النَّفَلِ "، قَالَ : ثُمَّ عَادَ الرَّجُلُ لِمَسْأَلَتِهِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ : الْأَنْفَالُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِه مَا هِيَ ؟ قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ : فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَسْأَلُهُ حَتَّى كَادَ أَنْ يُحْرِجَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : " أَتَدْرُونَ مَا مَثَلُ هَذَا ؟ مَثَلُ صَبِيغٍ الَّذِي ضَرَبَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ " .
It is narrated from Qasim bin Muhammad that he said: I heard a man asking Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) about the meaning of "Nafl." Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that a horse and weapons are included in Nafl. Then that man asked the same question again, and Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) gave the same answer. Then that man said: I am asking about those "Anfal" which Allah Almighty has mentioned in His Book. Qasim says that he kept asking until Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) began to feel annoyed, and he said: Do you know, this man's example is like that of Sabigh, whom Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) had beaten.
Hadith 977B1
قَالَ : وَسُئِلَ مَالِك، عَمَّنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ، أَيَكُونُ لَهُ سَلَبُهُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ الْإِمَامِ ؟ قَالَ : لَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ لِأَحَدٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ الْإِمَامِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِمَامِ إِلَّا عَلَى وَجْهِ الْاجْتِهَادِ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ " إِلَّا يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked: If a person kills a disbeliever, will his belongings be given to that person without the order of the Imam? He replied: Without the order of the Imam, they will not be given. Rather, it is up to the Imam; if he deems it appropriate, he may give such an order. And it has not reached me that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, gave such an order in any battle except the Battle of Hunayn.
