موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ مَنْ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ زَكَاةُ الْفِطْرِ
Who is Obliged to Pay Zakat al-Fitr
Hadith 698
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ " كَانَ يُخْرِجُ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ عَنْ غِلْمَانِهِ الَّذِينَ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى ، وَبِخَيْبَرَ "
It is narrated from Nafi‘ that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to give out Sadaqat al-Fitr on behalf of his slaves who were in Wadi al-Qura and Khaybar.
Hadith 698B1
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، أَنَّ أَحْسَنَ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ مِنْ زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ ، أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُؤَدِّي ذَلِكَ عَنْ كُلِّ مَنْ يَضْمَنُ نَفَقَتَهُ ، وَلَا بُدَّ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهِ وَالرَّجُلُ يُؤَدِّي عَنْ مُكَاتَبِهِ وَمُدَبَّرِهِ وَرَقِيقِهِ كُلِّهِمْ غَائِبِهِمْ وَشَاهِدِهِمْ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مُسْلِمًا ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ لِتِجَارَةٍ أَوْ لِغَيْرِ تِجَارَةٍ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْهُمْ مُسْلِمًا فَلَا زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The best that I have heard in this chapter is that a man should pay the Sadaqat al-Fitr on behalf of the person whose maintenance is obligatory upon him, and whom he is required to support, and on behalf of his slave, his mukatab, and his mudabbar, all of them, whether these slaves are present or absent, on the condition that they are Muslims, whether they are for trade or not. And for any among them who is not a Muslim, he should not give Sadaqah on his behalf.
Hadith 698B2
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْعَبْدِ الْآبِقِ : إِنَّ سَيِّدَهُ إِنْ عَلِمَ مَكَانَهُ أَوْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ وَكَانَتْ غَيْبَتُهُ قَرِيبَةً فَهُوَ يَرْجُو حَيَاتَهُ وَرَجْعَتَهُ ، فَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُزَكِّيَ عَنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ إِبَاقُهُ قَدْ طَالَ وَيَئِسَ مِنْهُ فَلَا أَرَى أَنْ يُزَكِّيَ عَنْهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If someone's slave runs away, whether the owner knows the slave's whereabouts and identity or not, but the escape is recent, meaning only a short time has passed since the slave ran away, and there is hope for his life and return, then in my view, zakat al-fitr should be given on his behalf. But if a long time has passed since he ran away and there is no longer any hope of his return, then zakat al-fitr should not be given on his behalf.
Hadith 698B3
قَالَ مَالِك : تَجِبُ زَكَاةُ الْفِطْرِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ كَمَا تَجِبُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى وَذَلِكَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَلَى كُلِّ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ "
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Sadaqat al-Fitr is obligatory upon the inhabitants of both cities and villages, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, made Sadaqat al-Fitr obligatory upon the free and the slave, and upon every man and woman among the Muslims.
