موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ جِزْيَةِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَالْمَجُوسِ
Chapter on Jizya from People of the Book and Magians
Hadith 688
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، قَالَ : بَلَغَنِي ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَخَذَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ مَجُوسِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ " ، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ فَارِسَ ، وَأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ الْبَرْبَرِ
It is narrated from Ibn Shihab that it reached me that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took jizya from the Magians of Bahrain, and Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, took jizya from the Magians of Persia, and Sayyiduna Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, took jizya from the Berbers.
Hadith 689
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ذَكَرَ الْمَجُوسَ ، فَقَالَ : مَا أَدْرِي كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ : أَشْهَدُ لَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " سُنُّوا بِهِمْ سُنَّةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ "
It is narrated from Muhammad bin Baqir that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, mentioned the Magians and said: I do not know what to do regarding them. Then Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Awf, may Allah be pleased with him, said: I bear witness that I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say about them: "Treat them in the same way as you treat the People of the Book."
Hadith 690
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ " ضَرَبَ الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَرْزَاقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَضِيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ "
It is narrated from Hazrat Aslam, who was the freed slave of Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed the jizya for those who possess gold at four dinars per year, and for those who possess silver at forty dirhams per year, and along with this, it was also required that they feed hungry Muslims, and if any Muslim comes to stay with them, they should host him for three days.
Hadith 691
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ : إِنَّ فِي الظَّهْرِ نَاقَةً عَمْيَاءَ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : " ادْفَعْهَا إِلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ يَنْتَفِعُونَ بِهَا " ، قَالَ : فَقُلْتُ : وَهِيَ عَمْيَاءُ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : " يَقْطُرُونَهَا بِالْإِبِلِ " ، قَالَ : فَقُلْتُ : كَيْفَ تَأْكُلُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ؟ ، قَالَ : فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : " أَمِنْ نَعَمِ الْجِزْيَةِ هِيَ ، أَمْ مِنْ نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ ؟ " ، فَقُلْتُ : بَلْ مِنْ نَعَمِ الْجِزْيَةِ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : " أَرَدْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ أَكْلَهَا " ، فَقُلْتُ : إِنَّ عَلَيْهَا وَسْمَ الْجِزْيَةِ ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا عُمَرُ فَنُحِرَتْ وَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ صِحَافٌ تِسْعٌ فَلَا تَكُونُ فَاكِهَةٌ وَلَا طُرَيْفَةٌ إِلَّا جَعَلَ مِنْهَا فِي تِلْكَ الصِّحَافِ ، فَبَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الَّذِي يَبْعَثُ بِهِ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ ابْنَتِهِ مِنْ آخِرِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ نُقْصَانٌ كَانَ فِي حَظِّ حَفْصَةَ ، قَالَ : فَجَعَلَ فِي تِلْكَ الصِّحَافِ مِنْ لَحْمِ تِلْكَ الْجَزُورِ ، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَمَرَ بِمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ لَحْمِ تِلْكَ الْجَزُورِ فَصُنِعَ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، وَالْأَنْصَارَ . ¤ قَالَ مَالِك : لَا أَرَى أَنْ تُؤْخَذَ النَّعَمُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ إِلَّا فِي جِزْيَتِهِمْ
It is narrated from Hazrat Aslam Adawi that he said to Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) that there is a blind she-camel in the camel enclosure. So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Give that she-camel to some household so that they may benefit from it. I said: It is blind. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: It will be tied in the row of camels. I said: How will it eat fodder? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Is it from the animals of jizya or from charity? I said: From jizya. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! You people intend to eat it. I said: No. There is a sign of jizya present on it. So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered, and it was slaughtered. And Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had nine bowls; whenever fruit or something good would come, he would place it in them and send it to the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and lastly he would send it to his daughter Sayyida Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her). If the thing was less, the deficiency would be in the share of Sayyida Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her). So he distributed the meat into nine bowls and sent it to the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then ordered it to be cooked and invited all the Muhajirin and Ansar.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: According to us, the animals of jizya will be taken from those disbelievers who possess animals as jizya.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: According to us, the animals of jizya will be taken from those disbelievers who possess animals as jizya.
Hadith 692
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ " أَنْ يَضَعُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ حِينَ يُسْلِمُونَ "
It reached Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, that Umar bin Abdul Aziz, may Allah have mercy on him, wrote to his governors: Those among the people liable to jizyah who become Muslim, exempt them from jizyah.
Hadith 692B1
قَالَ مَالِك : مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنْ لَا جِزْيَةَ عَلَى نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا عَلَى صِبْيَانِهِمْ ، وَأَنَّ الْجِزْيَةَ لَا تُؤْخَذُ إِلَّا مِنَ الرِّجَالِ الَّذِينَ قَدْ بَلَغُوا الْحُلُمَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The established practice is that jizyah is not to be taken from the women and children of the People of the Book, but rather it is to be taken from the adult men.
Hadith 692B2
وَلَيْسَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَجُوسِ فِي نَخِيلِهِمْ وَلَا كُرُومِهِمْ وَلَا زُرُوعِهِمْ وَلَا مَوَاشِيهِمْ صَدَقَةٌ ، لِأَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتْ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَطْهِيرًا لَهُمْ وَرَدًّا عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ ، وَوُضِعَتِ الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ صَغَارًا لَهُمْ فَهُمْ مَا كَانُوا بِبَلَدِهِمُ الَّذِينَ صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ ، لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَيْءٌ سِوَى الْجِزْيَةِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَّجِرُوا فِي بِلَادِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَيَخْتَلِفُوا فِيهَا فَيُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُمُ الْعُشْرُ فِيمَا يُدِيرُونَ مِنَ التِّجَارَاتِ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجِزْيَةُ وَصَالَحُوا عَلَيْهَا عَلَى أَنْ يُقَرُّوا بِبِلَادِهِمْ وَيُقَاتَلُ عَنْهُمْ عَدُوُّهُمْ ، فَمَنْ خَرَجَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ بِلَادِهِ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا يَتْجُرُ إِلَيْهَا فَعَلَيْهِ الْعُشْرُ مَنْ تَجَرَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ إِلَى الشَّامِ ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَوْ الْيَمَنِ أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا مِنَ الْبِلَادِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْعُشْرُ ، وَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا الْمَجُوسِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَلَا مِنْ مَوَاشِيهِمْ وَلَا ثِمَارِهِمْ وَلَا زُرُوعِهِمْ ، مَضَتْ بِذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ وَيُقَرُّونَ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ ، وَيَكُونُونَ عَلَى مَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْعَامِ الْوَاحِدِ مِرَارًا فِي بِلَادِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، فَعَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّمَا اخْتَلَفُوا الْعُشْرُ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ مِمَّا صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ وَلَا مِمَّا شُرِطَ لَهُمْ ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat will not be taken from the date palm trees, grapevines, agriculture, or livestock of the dhimmis and Magians, because zakat has been prescribed upon the Muslims to purify their wealth and to be given to their poor, and jizya has been prescribed upon the People of the Book to humble them. So as long as they remain in the town where peace has been made with them, nothing will be taken from them except the jizya, from the wealth they carry about for trade. The reason for this is that jizya was prescribed upon them and peace was made on the condition that they remain in their city and be protected from their enemies. So if any of them leaves their country and goes elsewhere for trade, then a tenth will be taken from them—for example, if the people of Egypt go to Syria, or the people of Syria to Iraq, or the people of Iraq to Madinah or Yemen, then a tenth will be taken from them. There is no zakat on the livestock, fruits, or agriculture of the People of the Book and the Magians. This is the established Sunnah, and the disbelievers will be left upon their own religion and creed, and their religion will not be interfered with. And if these disbelievers bring trade goods into Dar al-Islam several times a year, then whenever they come, a tenth will be taken from them, because peace was not made with them on the condition that no levy would be taken from their trade goods. I have found the scholars of my city upon this practice.
