موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ مَا لَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ مِنَ الثِّمَارِ
Chapter on What Fruits are Exempt from Zakat
Hadith 684Q1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ مَا يَجُدُّ مِنْهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَوْسُقٍ مِنَ التَّمْرِ ، وَمَا يَقْطُفُ مِنْهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَوْسُقٍ مِنَ الزَّبِيبِ ، وَمَا يَحْصُدُ مِنْهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَوْسُقٍ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ ، وَمَا يَحْصُدُ مِنْهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَوْسُقٍ مِنَ الْقِطْنِيَّةِ إِنَّهُ لَا يُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى بَعْضٍ. وَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ زَكَاةٌ. حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي الصِّنْفِ الْوَاحِدِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ ، أَوْ فِي الزَّبِيبِ ، أَوْ فِي الْحِنْطَةِ ، أَوْ فِي الْقِطْنِيَّةِ ، مَا يَبْلُغُ الصِّنْفُ الْوَاحِدُ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ بِصَاعِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. كَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ مِنَ التَّمْرِ صَدَقَةٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الصِّنْفِ الْوَاحِدِ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَصْنَافِ مَا يَبْلُغُ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ فَفِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ فَلَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ.“ وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَجُذَّ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ. وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَتْ أَسْمَاؤُهُ وَأَلْوَانُهُ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُجْمَعُ بَعْضُهُ إِلَى بَعْضٍ ، ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الزَّكَاةُ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ ذَلِكَ ، فَلَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses such an amount of wealth that four wasq of dates come from it, and four wasq of grapes, and four wasq of wheat, and four wasq of any other grain, then these grains should not be combined, and zakat will not be obligatory upon them until there is at least five wasq of one kind—dates, grapes, wheat, etc.—according to the sa’ of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Because he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There is no zakat on dates less than five wasq.”
Hadith 684Q2
وَكَذَلِكَ الْحِنْطَةُ كُلُّهَا السَّمْرَاءُ وَالْبَيْضَاءُ وَالشَّعِيرُ وَالسُّلْتُ ، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ صِنْفٌ وَاحِدٌ. فَإِذَا حَصَدَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ ، جُمِعَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى بَعْضٍ ، وَوَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If there are several types of dates, each with a different name, then all of them will be combined, and those with skin and without skin that are considered the same will also be combined. When the total reaches five wasq, zakat will be obligatory; otherwise, it will not be obligatory.
Hadith 684Q3
وَكَذَلِكَ الزَّبِيبُ كُلُّهُ ، أَسْوَدُهُ وَأَحْمَرُهُ ، فَإِذَا قَطَفَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, black and red grapes will be combined together; when they reach five wasq, zakat will be obligatory on them, and if it is less than that, zakat will not be obligatory.
Hadith 684Q4
وَكَذَلِكَ الْقِطْنِيَّةُ هِيَ صِنْفٌ وَاحِدٌ. مِثْلُ الْحِنْطَةِ وَالتَّمْرِ وَالزَّبِيبِ وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَتْ أَسْمَاؤُهَا وَأَلْوَانُهَا. وَالْقِطْنِيَّةُ : الْحِمَّصُ وَالْعَدَسُ وَاللُّوبِيَا وَالْجُلْبَانُ وَكُلُّ مَا ثَبَتَ مَعْرِفَتُهُ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ أَنَّهُ قِطْنِيَّةٌ. فَإِذَا حَصَدَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ بِالصَّاعِ الْأَوَّلِ ، صَاعِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْنَافِ الْقِطْنِيَّةِ كُلِّهَا ، لَيْسَ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْقِطْنِيَّةِ فَإِنَّهُ يُجْمَعُ ذَلِكَ بَعْضُهُ إِلَى بَعْضٍ ، وَعَلَيْهِ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Likewise, qutniyyah will be counted as one category, even if their names and types are different. Qutniyyah refers to chickpeas, lentils, beans, mung beans, and similar things which people consider as qutniyyah. If all these things together reach five wasqs, according to the sa’ of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then zakat will be obligatory on them, even if these qutniyyah are of several types and not just one type. However, all will be combined together and zakat will be obligatory.
Hadith 684Q5
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَقَدْ فَرَّقَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بَيْنَ الْقِطْنِيَّةِ وَالْحِنْطَةِ فِيمَا أُخِذَ مِنَ النَّبَطِ. وَرَأَى أَنَّ الْقِطْنِيَّةَ كُلَّهَا صِنْفٌ وَاحِدٌ. فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا الْعُشْرَ ، وَأَخَذَ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ وَالزَّبِيبِ نِصْفَ الْعُشْرِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, made a distinction between wheat and qutniyyah when he collected the produce from the Christian Nabateans. He considered qutniyyah as one category and took one-tenth from it, and from wheat and grapes he took one-twentieth.
Hadith 684Q6
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ : كَيْفَ يُجْمَعُ الْقِطْنِيَّةُ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الزَّكَاةِ حَتَّى تَكُونَ صَدَقَتُهَا وَاحِدَةً ، وَالرَّجُلُ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهَا اثْنَيْنِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ ، وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ؟ قِيلَ لَهُ : فَإِنَّ الذَّهَبَ وَالْوَرِقَ يُجْمَعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَقَدْ يُؤْخَذُ بِالدِّينَارِ أَضْعَافُهُ فِي الْعَدَدِ مِنَ الْوَرِقِ يَدًا بِيَدٍ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If someone objects that all types of qutniyah (legumes) are considered as one category for zakat, whereas in the chapter of riba (usury) they are considered as separate categories, because it is permissible to exchange two seers of masoor (lentils) for one seer of mash (mung beans) in cash, but wheat, however, is one category, as it is not permissible to exchange two seers of white wheat for one seer of yellow wheat. The answer to this is that the rulings of zakat and riba are not the same. See, gold and silver are combined in one place for zakat, even though in exchange for one ashrafi (gold coin), you can take several times more silver.
Hadith 684Q7
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي النَّخِيلِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَيَجُذَّانِ مِنْهَا ثَمَانِيَةَ أَوْسُقٍ مِنَ التَّمْرِ : إِنَّهُ لَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا. وَإِنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا مِنْهَا مَا يَجُذُّ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ ، وَلِلْآخَرِ مَا يَجُذُّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَوْسُقٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فِي أَرْضٍ وَاحِدَةٍ ، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الْخَمْسَةِ الْأَوْسُقِ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي جَذَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَوْسُقٍ أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْهَا ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in dates and each one's share amounts to four wasqs of dates, then zakat is not obligatory on either of them. However, if one of them receives five wasqs of dates, then zakat will be obligatory on him, but it will not be obligatory on the one whose share is less than that.
Hadith 684Q8
وَكَذَلِكَ الْعَمَلُ فِي الشُّرَكَاءِ كُلِّهِمْ. فِي كُلِّ زَرْعٍ مِنَ الْحُبُوبِ كُلِّهَا يُحْصَدُ ، أَوِ النَّخْلُ يُجَدُّ أَوِ الْكَرْمُ يُقْطَفُ ، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ يَجُدُّ مِنَ التَّمْرِ ، أَوْ يَقْطِفُ مِنَ الزَّبِيبِ ، خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ. أَوْ يَحْصُدُ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ. فَعَلَيْهِ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ ، وَمَنْ كَانَ حَقُّهُ أَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ. وَإِنَّمَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى مَنْ بَلَغَ جُدَادُهُ أَوْ قِطَافُهُ أَوْ حَصَادُهُ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The same ruling applies to other fruits and grains; when each partner's share amounts to five wasqs of dates or grapes or wheat, then zakat will be obligatory, and whoever's share is less than this, zakat will not be obligatory upon him.
Hadith 684Q9
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : السُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا ، أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا أُخْرِجَتْ زَكَاتُهُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ كُلِّهَا ، الْحِنْطَةِ وَالتَّمْرِ وَالزَّبِيبِ وَالْحُبُوبِ كُلِّهَا ، ثُمَّ أَمْسَكَهُ صَاحِبُهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَدَّى صَدَقَتَهُ سِنِينَ. ثُمَّ بَاعَهُ ، أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ثَمَنِهِ زَكَاةٌ ، حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَى ثَمَنِهِ الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ بَاعَهُ. إِذَا كَانَ أَصْلُ تِلْكَ الْأَصْنَافِ مِنْ فَائِدَةٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا. وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلتِّجَارَةِ. وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الطَّعَامِ وَالْحُبُوبِ وَالْعُرُوضِ يُفِيدُهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُهَا سِنِينَ. ثُمَّ يَبِيعُهَا بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَرِقٍ ، فَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ فِي ثَمَنِهَا زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ بَاعَهَا. فَإِنْ كَانَ أَصْلُ تِلْكَ الْعُرُوضِ لِلتِّجَارَةِ فَعَلَى صَاحِبِهَا فِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ حِينَ يَبِيعُهَا ، إِذَا كَانَ قَدْ حَبَسَهَا سَنَةً ، مِنْ يَوْمَ زَكَّى الْمَالَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهَا بِهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the Sunnah is that zakat is not obligatory on grains for which the owner has already paid zakat, such as dates, until a full year passes over their price. This is in the case where the grain comes into his possession through gift or inheritance and is not trade goods, because its example is like a person who has food, grains, or goods and then keeps them for several years, then sells them in exchange for gold or silver; zakat on the price is not obligatory until a year passes from the date of sale. However, if these items are for trade, then zakat becomes obligatory on the owner at the time of sale if he has kept them for a year after zakat has been paid.
