موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ زَكَاةِ الْحُبُوبِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ
Chapter on Zakat on Grains and Olives
Hadith 683
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنِ الزَّيْتُونِ ، فَقَالَ : " فِيهِ الْعُشْرُ "
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, asked Ibn Shihab, "What is obligatory in olives?" He replied, "One-tenth."
Hadith 683B2
وَالزَّيْتُونُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ النَّخِيلِ مَا كَانَ مِنْهُ سَقَتْهُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْعُيُونُ ، أَوْ كَانَ بَعْلًا فَفِيهِ الْعُشْرُ ، وَمَا كَانَ يُسْقَى بِالنَّضْحِ فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ ، وَلَا يُخْرَصُ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الزَّيْتُونِ فِي شَجَرِهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Olive is like date-palm; if it grows from rain or a spring or grows by itself and does not need water, then one-tenth is obligatory on it, and if water is given to it by irrigation, then one-twentieth is obligatory. And it is permissible to estimate the olives while they are still on the tree.
Hadith 683B3
وَالسُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا فِي الْحُبُوبِ الَّتِي يَدَّخِرُهَا النَّاسُ ، وَيَأْكُلُونَهَا أَنَّهُ يُؤْخَذُ مِمَّا سَقَتْهُ السَّمَاءُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَمَا سَقَتْهُ الْعُيُونُ وَمَا كَانَ بَعْلًا الْعُشْرُ وَمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ إِذَا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ بِالصَّاعِ الْأَوَّلِ ، صَاعِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَمَا زَادَ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ فَفِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ بِحِسَابِ ذَلِكَ .
He said: For all types of grains which people eat or store, if they are produced by rainwater or spring water, or if they do not require irrigation, then one-tenth is obligatory. And for those which are irrigated, one-twentieth is obligatory, when they reach the amount of five wasq, each wasq being sixty sa’ according to the sa’ of the Prophet, peace be upon him. And if it is more than this, then zakat will be taken according to the same calculation.
Hadith 683B4
قَالَ مَالِك : وَالْحُبُوبُ الَّتِي فِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ الْحِنْطَةُ وَالشَّعِيرُ وَالسُّلْتُ وَالذُّرَةُ وَالدُّخْنُ وَالْأُرْزُ وَالْعَدَسُ وَالْجُلْبَانُ وَاللُّوبِيَا وَالْجُلْجُلَانُ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْحُبُوبِ الَّتِي تَصِيرُ طَعَامًا ، فَالزَّكَاةُ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ تُحْصَدَ وَتَصِيرَ حَبًّا ، قَالَ : وَالنَّاسُ مُصَدَّقُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَيُقْبَلُ مِنْهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا دَفَعُوا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The grains on which zakat is obligatory are these: wheat, and barley with husk and without husk, and millet, and chickpeas, and rice, and lentils, and mung beans, and beans, and sesame, and those grains similar to them among the grains that are eaten, so zakat will be taken from all of them when they are harvested and prepared and the grains are cleaned. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the zakat of these things, their statement will be accepted, and whatever amount they give will be accepted.
Hadith 683B5
وَسُئِلَ مَالِك ، مَتَى يُخْرَجُ مِنَ الزَّيْتُونِ الْعُشْرُ أَوْ نِصْفُهُ أَقَبْلَ النَّفَقَةِ أَمْ بَعْدَهَا ؟ فَقَالَ : لَا يُنْظَرُ إِلَى النَّفَقَةِ ، وَلَكِنْ يُسْأَلُ عَنْهُ أَهْلُهُ كَمَا يُسْأَلُ أَهْلُ الطَّعَامِ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ ، وَيُصَدَّقُونَ بِمَا قَالُوا فَمَنْ رُفِعَ مِنْ زَيْتُونِهِ خَمْسَةُ أَوْسُقٍ فَصَاعِدًا أُخِذَ مِنْ زَيْتِهِ الْعُشْرُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُعْصَرَ ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُرْفَعْ مِنْ زَيْتُونِهِ خَمْسَةُ أَوْسُقٍ لَمْ تَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ فِي زَيْتِهِ الزَّكَاةُ
Yahya said: Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked: When should the tenth part (ushr) of olives be taken out, before expenses or after expenses? He replied: It is not necessary to consider the expenses; rather, we will ask the owner, just as we ask the owner of grain. What they say will be accepted. So, whoever obtains five wasqs or more of olives from his trees, a tenth part of the oil will be taken from him, and whoever obtains less than that, less will be taken from him.
Hadith 683B6
قَالَ مَالِك : وَمَنْ بَاعَ زَرْعَهُ وَقَدْ صَلَحَ وَيَبِسَ فِي أَكْمَامِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ زَكَاتُهُ ، وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ زَكَاةٌ ، وَلَا يَصْلُحُ بَيْعُ الزَّرْعِ حَتَّى يَيْبَسَ فِي أَكْمَامِهِ ، وَيَسْتَغْنِيَ عَنِ الْمَاءِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: When the crop ripens and is ready, and the owner sells it, then zakat will be obligatory on the owner, not on the buyer. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: It is not permissible to sell the crop until it ripens, the grain dries in the ears, and there is no longer a need for watering.
Hadith 683B7
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ سورة الأنعام آية 141 أَنَّ ذَلِكَ الزَّكَاةُ ، وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This which Allah the Exalted said: «﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ [الأنعام: 141]» meaning "two rights at the time of harvesting the crop." What is meant by this is zakat, and I heard from a person who used to say this.
Hadith 683B8
قَالَ مَالِك : وَمَنْ بَاعَ أَصْلَ حَائِطِهِ أَوْ أَرْضَهُ وَفِي ذَلِكَ زَرْعٌ أَوْ ثَمَرٌ لَمْ يَبْدُ صَلَاحُهُ ، فَزَكَاةُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُبْتَاعِ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ طَابَ وَحَلَّ بَيْعُهُ ، فَزَكَاةُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَهَا عَلَى الْمُبْتَاعِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person sells his garden or land and there is a crop or fruits in it whose condition of improvement has become known and the sale is valid, then the zakat is upon the seller, unless the seller stipulates to the buyer that the zakat will be given by the buyer, then it will be obligatory upon the buyer.
