موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ الْعَمَلِ فِي صَدَقَةِ عَامَيْنِ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَا
Chapter on Actions Regarding Charity for Two Years if Combined
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Hadith 675
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ ، عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : مُرَّ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِغَنَمٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ فَرَأَى فِيهَا شَاةً حَافِلًا ذَاتَ ضَرْعٍ عَظِيمٍ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : مَا هَذِهِ الشَّاةُ ؟ فَقَالُوا : شَاةٌ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : " مَا أَعْطَى هَذِهِ أَهْلُهَا وَهُمْ طَائِعُونَ ، لَا تَفْتِنُوا النَّاسَ لَا تَأْخُذُوا حَزَرَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ نَكِّبُوا عَنِ الطَّعَامِ "
It is narrated from Umm al-Mu'mineen Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that goats of zakat came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Among them, he saw a goat that gave a lot of milk, so he asked: What is the matter with this goat? The people said: It is a goat of zakat. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Its owner would never have given it willingly. Do not put people into trial, do not take their best wealth, and refrain from seizing their sustenance.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِي الرَّجُلِ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَإِبِلُهُ مِائَةُ بَعِيرٍ. فَلَا يَأْتِيهِ السَّاعِي حَتَّى تَجِبَ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ أُخْرَى. فَيَأْتِيهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ وَقَدْ هَلَكَتْ إِبِلُهُ إِلَّا خَمْسَ ذَوْدٍ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : يَأْخُذُ الْمُصَدِّقُ مِنَ الْخَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ ، الصَّدَقَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ وَجَبَتَا عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ. شَاتَيْنِ : فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ شَاةٌ. لِأَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ إِنَّمَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ يَوْمَ يُصَدِّقُ مَالَهُ. فَإِنْ هَلَكَتْ مَاشِيَتُهُ أَوْ نَمَتْ. فَإِنَّمَا يُصَدِّقُ الْمُصَدِّقُ زَكَاةَ مَا يَجِدُ يَوْمَ يُصَدِّقُ. وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ صَدَقَاتٌ غَيْرُ وَاحِدَةٍ ، فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُصَدِّقَ إِلَّا مَا وَجَدَ الْمُصَدِّقُ عِنْدَهُ. فَإِنْ هَلَكَتْ مَاشِيَتُهُ أَوْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا صَدَقَاتٌ ، فَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى هَلَكَتْ مَاشِيَتُهُ كُلُّهَا ، أَوْ صَارَتْ إِلَى مَا لَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا ضَمَانَ فِيمَا هَلَكَ. أَوْ مَضَى مِنَ السِّنِينَ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: There is another difference of opinion, which is that if someone possesses gold or silver equal to the nisab and then acquires more wealth, zakat on that profit will not become obligatory until a year has passed over it. But if someone possesses goats, cows, or camels, each in the amount of the nisab, and then acquires more goats, cows, or camels, then zakat on them will become obligatory by combining them with the previously owned animals of the same kind.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This explanation is the best among all the explanations I have heard in this chapter.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This explanation is the best among all the explanations I have heard in this chapter.
